??Gender perspective of professional competencies in industrial engineering programs at Politecnico di Torino

gender perspective about different professional competencies and stereotypical roles assigned to genders, sexism in higher education, and its possible effects are relatively under-explored and are of great interest in regulations regarding higher education. Gender equality in Europe is ahead and is on par with internationally followed guidelines, Italy's performance is below compared to the European average. the women's participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is less and is considered a major problem, for the gender gap. the purpose of this research is to understand professional competencies and what influence they have on the selection of majors at universities considering several factors such as gender, typical roles associates with genders. Based on the comparison between the international and national situation of gender equality, in Italy this research analyses gender perspectives in the industrial engineering field of the Politecnico di Torino, intending to explore the gender phenomenon in universities, the reasons behind them, and possible effective measures. The results show that female students will not choose a major based on the difficulty of the course but will make a comprehensive choice based on their interests, interference from external factors, and perception of self-ability. After analyzing the professional abilities of different genders of students, we tried to find out measures that might help Politecnico di Torino improve the imbalance and conduct research.