A major challenge in the approach to the sustainable management of landscapes and cities is the identification, conservation and protection of Cultural Heritage. In a geographic area like Itria Valley, which is recognised by UNESCO as a site of great relevance in territorial identity because of the dense presence of trulli, masserie and dry-built walls, natural stone protection is even more demanding, because of a lack of characterisation of this material employed for building and ornamental purposes, both in terms of geological and technological properties. Standardised methods of investigation, both destructive and non-destructive, on stone samples coming from different sources and sites can help in the process of classification.