Heart transplantation (HTx) is the last resort for patients with severe heart failure, but an inevitable consequence of the surgery is cardiac denervation. This leads to a markedly increased resting heart rate and the inability of the heart to adapt to physical activity, thus reducing patient quality of life. Today, neuromodulation techniques such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are successfully applied to treat various conditions including Parkinson disease, treatment-resistant depression, or epilepsy. As the vagus nerve (VN) has several projections to the heart, it plays a crucial role in chronotropic-, dromotropic- and inotropic control. Therefore, VNS may be a promising technique to artificially restore vagal cardiac control in those suffering from cardiac denervation.