It has become clear that the present energy paradigm is not sustainable anymore and it is necessary to find new ways to comply with global energy demand avoiding GHGs emissions (leading to global warming and consequently climate change phenomena) and air pollutant emissions (causing negative impacts on human health). Therefore, in the last years several international agreements were signed in order to counteract the climate change effects and to promote more sustainable energy policies supporting the so-called “energy transition”. The aim is to move from traditional energy systems based on fossil fuels to an energy mix based on renewables. Despite this need for de-carbonization, developing countries still push demand of fossil resources.