Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that range in diameter between 40 and 200 nm are secreted from almost every cell type of the human body into the extracellular space surrounding the parental cell of origin. These nano-sized, cell-derived carriers, function as effective vehicles of intercellular communication, traveling through body fluids (blood, urine, pleural effusion, etc.) and transporting several active biomolecules, genetic information such as RNAs and DNAs among others, and surface receptors between distant cells. This novel mechanism of intercellular communication has been nowadays acknowledged to play a significant role in the development of various diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, sEVs, often referred to as exosomes, being secreted by tumor cells at an early stage, can act as suitable biomarkers offering a promising option for non-invasive diagnostics, and therapy of different forms of cancer, including lung cancer.