polito.it
Politecnico di Torino (logo)

Hutongs-transformation : a battle between memories

Anna Pagani

Hutongs-transformation : a battle between memories.

Rel. Michele Bonino, Anna Barbara. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Architettura Costruzione Città, 2015

Questa è la versione più aggiornata di questo documento.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION

all roads start from Rome

"When one looks at something that has existed for more than two thousand years and has been altered so diversely and thoroughly by the changing times, yet is still the same soil He same hill, indeed often the same column and wall, and in the people still some vestiges of their ancient character, one becomes a participant in the decisions of fate. And such conditions make it difficult from the outset for the observer to decipher how Rome follows on Rome, and not only the new on the old. but also the various epochs within the old and new Rome on one another." (Goethe. November 1786).

My research project Sited the 18th of February, 2015 in Rome, the Caput Mundi.

Having not established topic yet, but looking for an empty box in which history of architecture, sociology, anthropology and heritage protection could finally meet and cooperate, I participated to the kick-off meeting of the SNIS Project: "Mapping controversial memories in the historic urban landscape", organizediy two EPFL professors -Florence Graezer Bideau and Yves Pedrazzini-, their PhD students -Lucia Bordone and Lesslie Astrid Herrera Quiroz-, as well as two professors from the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland -Rafael Matos-Wasem and Jen-Christophe Loubier. Anthropologists, sociologists, architects and geographers: what might be their common denominator if not the city's current challenges? The current metropolis’ issues are long tentacles that affect a wide range of fields: from the politics and economy to the society with its inhabitants and traditions. Moving from the foot to the top of the mountain, the increasing proportion of the world urban population seems to be one of the phenomena that are trigging this chain reaction. In effect, the evolution or progress of humanity strongly opposes to the sustainability principles, giving birth to a clear oxymoron4: the dream of unlimited growth seems to prevent the protection of the planet's resources, the satisfaction of needs and comforts to oppose to sufficiency, the spreading of new trendy lifestyle to take over the traditions and habits that are entrenched into our culture since centuries.

It is exactly in this zero-sum game that the heritage management acquires a fundamental role: the UNESCO's trial to foster policies aimed at balancing the urban development and the conservation of its fabric is materialized by the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (RHUL) formulated in 2011. The definition given to this new concept is the following:

"The historic urban landscape is the urban area understood as the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending beyond the notion of 'historic centre' or 'ensemble' to include the broader urban context and its geographical setting.

This wider context includes notably the site's topography, geomorphology, hydrology and natural features, its built environment, both historic and contemporary, its infrastructures above and below ground, its open spaces and gardens, its land use patterns and spatial organization, perceptions and visual relationships, as well as all otter elements of the urban structure. It also includes social and cultural practices and values, economic processes and the intangible dimensions of heritage as related to diversity and identity."

Starting from this new stimulating topic to investigate and with the cooperation of localoordinators, associated members and associad international organizations and networks,

"This search projectssesses the potential and limits of the emeing approach of 'historic urban landscape' (HUL) by alyzinghe socio-spatial effects of its implementatn at the local level in Beijing. Mexico City and Re. It ll bring together new spatial modeling techques, socio-anthropological and ethnographic methods in oer to map colleive perceptions of space. The research aimso identify different types of memorial territories inhe three cities and the emerging controversies withiand between them."

The objects of the kickff meeting in Rome were firstly to explore the theoretical framework, focusing on the two concepts of "historic urban landscape” and ''collective memory", secondly to address the methodology to adopt for the mapping process by presenting different experiences, finally to define and discuss the policy relevance of the project with the international partners.

These target were supported by three authors' work on collective memory and space: the sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, who defined collective memory as the link between humans and the urban form; the social psychologist Denise Jodelet, whose mental mapping could be used as a tool to represent this relationship and the historian Pierre Nora, who explored the concrete form of collective memory within urban contexts'.

Challenged by this innovative research and backed up by the work experience of both Professor Bonino and Professor Bideau, I chose, at the end of the Roman stay, to deal with the Beijing case study. In the SNIS project three sites were identified for each city in order to compare the old city centre with both a popular non-branded site and a new urban spread location. For what concerns Beijing, the areas selected were the Shijia Hutong -a historical protected neighborhood-, Gulou -the Drum and Bell tower district- and the Huilongguan -a new relocation area, located 25 km to the north of the city centre". We agreed to focus my project on the hutongs of Gulou, which urban structure has faced and is stilt facing high-impact transformations.

The destruction or protection of Beijing historic fabric is not merely the direct effect of an explicit cause, but rather the issue of a complex decision process resulting from the fight between different arrays: on the hutongs' battlefield each community have given in time subjective values to its collective memory and the urban fabric that materializes it. These communities are the anonymous players that this research is intended to meet. Their values are the messages it is intended to decode.

The objects of the kick-off meeting in Rome were firstly to explore the theoretical framework, focusing on the two concepts of "historic urban landscape'' and "collective memory”, secondly to address the methodology to adopt for the mapping process by presenting different experiences, finally to define and discuss the policy relevance of the project with the international partners.

The tales of Gulou: a magic secret collective world

Zhongguò means "country in the middle land" in mandarin. Composed by two characters, the first one refers to the middle (Zhong) whilst t he second (guo) to the country. The middle fertile land where people used to work in ancient times was considered as the centre of the universe: every lord with ambition would be eager to rule over such territory. This beautiful nation was China.

Many stories hide behind every single character. During a guided tour on the hutongs, it was explained how the first character (the middle) takes shape from a rectangle that represents the country's boundaries, and a perpendicular line, which cuts it in two: literature and culture were a way to "stay on this line" within the confines of the empire. But this drawing also recalls the Beijing plan, with the rectangular Forbidden city and its north- south axis. This perfect geometrical shape has been the keeper of many secrets for centuries Since an entire part of the city was inaccessible, Beijing was a world build on fantasies. The further people moved from the rectangle Forbidden City the more they reached the urban reality, where a smaller-scale popular "imperial city" was enlivened by traditional lifestyles. The chiming of the Drum and Bell tower, alerting the inhabitants about the opening and closing of the Inner City's doors as well as ringing once per hour in the night, used to mark the everyday life. Spirits were turned away by the high city walls as well as the lowest ones that used to shape the narrow alleys, protecting the courtyard h. It is said that when the Drum and Bell tower stopped working a growing sense of insecurity started preventing the inhabitants' sleep.

Although today it might have lost its roots, the need of protection became part of Beijing architectural culture, handing down a precious immaterial heritage that has been kept alive through centuries. From the hutongs' walls and doors, to the danweis' gates and the brand new compounds' entrance guards, each building is strictly kept under watch. It seems obvious that taking advantage of these memories by turning the need of protection into a way of controlling the population (through the danweis before and the gated communities then) has been an easy step to make.

Today's people phantoms are still alive: quite different from the ancient spirits, it's the society fast transformation and its consequent feeling of uncertainty that haunts the Beijingers' sleep.

Non-hukou inhabitants, demolitions, threats, controversies and battles surround the hutongs walls. From the eyes of a tourist it might look just a beautiful tale hidden behind interesting written characters, but Beijing entrance stones, big or small gates, brick or wood are part of a much bigger world that opposes beauty to fights and resistance; a world that can't be read or just partly imagines by who doesn't share this collective memory.

Relatori: Michele Bonino, Anna Barbara
Tipo di pubblicazione: A stampa
Soggetti: U Urbanistica > UK Pianificazione urbana
U Urbanistica > UL PVS Paesi in via di sviluppo
Corso di laurea: Corso di laurea magistrale in Architettura Costruzione Città
Classe di laurea: NON SPECIFICATO
Aziende collaboratrici: NON SPECIFICATO
URI: http://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/id/eprint/4266
Capitoli:

DEAR DIARY

TIME TO BEGIN

INTRODUCTION

CHINESE URBAN FABRIC: AN OBJECTIVITY

once upon a time

transformations-hutongs

the case studies

THE LINK BETWEEN MATERIAL & IMMATERIAL: A SUBJECTIVITY

digging under the objectivity

an engineered collective heritage

the rising of scholars' awareness

the silent voices of the subalterns

INTERMEZZO

TUG OE WAR: WHO IS DRIVING THE CHANGE

get ready to fight

I prefer, you prefer: the inhabitants' votes

the power of knowledge: the scholars' controverses

everybody against the top

CONCLUSION

AIL ROADS NOW GO TO BEIJING

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ATTACHMENTS

Bibliografia:

#BOOKS. #THESIS. #JOURNALS.

Bonino, Michele, Pierre-Alain Croset, and Filippo De Pieri. "Beijing Danwei: for a dialogic urbanism." In Urban Design No. I, by Zhu Wenyi. 35-46. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2014.

Broudehoux, Anne-Marie. "Neighborhood Regeneration in Beijing: An Overview Of Projects Implemented in the Inner City Since 1990." Thesis, Montreal, McGill University, July 1994. Accessed March 4,2015. http://www.mcgill.ca/mchg/student/neighborhood.

Casault, André. "The Beijing Courtyard House." Open House International (1987): 31 -41.

Chan, Kam Wing. "The Chinese Household Registration System and Migrant Labor in China: Notes on a Debate," Population and Development Review 36(2) (2010): 357-364. Accessed July 5.2015. http://faculty.washington.edu/kwchan/Chan-hukou.pdf.

Chaolin, Gu, and Ian G. Cook. "Beijing: Socialist Chinese Capital and New World City." In Planning Asian Cities: Risks and Resilience, ed. Stephen Hamnett and Dean Forbes. Routledge, 2011.

Chen, Zhihua. "Tan wenwu jianzhu de baohu" [A propos de la protection du monument historique). Shijiejianzhu 3 (1986).

Ekblad, Solvig, and Finn Werne. "Housing and Health in Beijing: Implications of High-rise Housing on Children and the Aged." The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare 17 (2015): Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edU/jssw/vol17/iss1/4.

Fingerhuth. Carl, and Ernst Joos. The Kunming Project: Urban Development in China. Birkhäuser, 2002.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Italian Journey: 1786-1788. New York: Penguin Classics, 1992.

Greco Claudio, and Carlo Santoro. Beijing: The New City. Translated by John Venerella. Milano: Skira, 2008.

Habraken, N.J. Transformations of the Site. Cambridge, MA: Awater, 1988.

Halbwachs. Maurice. "Chapter 4: Space and The Collective Memory." In The Collective Memory. New York: Harper & Row Colophon Books, 1980. http://www.mit.edu/-allanmc/hawlbachsspace.pdf.

Han, Aiping. "A la recherche de moyens pour rénover la vieille ville de Pékin: l'exemple de l'urbanisme de Chaonei xiaoqu.” JIXB 6 (1988). Hennessey, William. Deconstructing Shanzhai - Chinas Copycat Counterculture: Catch Me If You Can. Campbell L. Rev., 2012.

Laquian, Aprodicio A. Preface to Rehabilitating the Old City of Beijing: A Project in the Ju'er Hutong Neighbourhood by Wu Liangyong, xi-xiii. Vancouver: UBCPress, 1999.

Lauwaert, Françoise. « À l'identique ». Quelques remarques sur la notion d'authenticité en art chinois." CeROArt [Online!. February 11.2013. Accessed June 30,2015. http://ceroart.revues.org/2951.

Lefebre, Henri, le droit à la ville. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, Collection "Points", 1968.

Liang. Bingkun. Preface to Life in Hutongs: Through Intricate Alleyways in Beijing, by Shen Yantai and Wang Changqing, 6-7. China: Foreign Languages Press, 1997.

Liang, Sicheng and Chen Zhanxiang. "La protection des monuments historiques et les abords." in La naissance du concept de patrimoine en Chine: XIX-XX siècles. Dijon Quetigny: Editions Recherches, 2003.

Liang, Sicheng. "Beijing Dushi Jihua de Wubi Jiexuo [An Unparalleled Masterpiece of Urban Planning)." In liang Sichen Wenij [The Collected Papers of Liang Sicheng], vol. 4. Beijing: Zhongguo Jianzhu Gongye Chubanshe [China Construction Industry Publishing House], 1987 [1951].

Mo, Zhang. "From Public to Private: fhe Newly Enacted Chinese Property Law and the Protection of Property Rights in China." 5 Berkeley Bus. L.J. 317 (2008): 319-363. Available at: http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edU/bblj/vol5/iss2/4

Nora, Pierre. Representations, no. 26, Special Issue: Memory and Counter-Memory [Spring, 1909): 7-24. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2928520. Prince’s Foundation. "2015/CAFA Seminar series on architecture & community building (Session 1)." May 25,2015. Brochure.

Romeo, Emanuele. Instaurare, reficere, renovare: Tutela, conservazione, restauro e riuso prima delle codificazioni ottocentesche. Torino: CELID, 2007. Selugga. Malte. "The Dragon's Tail." TOPOS 63 (2008): 14-21. Accessed October 8.2015. http://en.bjchp.org/?page_id=3645.

Shen, Yantai. Afterword to Life in Hutongs: Through Intricate Alleyways in Beijing, by Shen Yantai and Wang Changqing, 188. China: Foreign Languages Press, 1997.

Shoenauer, Norbert. History of Housing. Montreal: McGill University, 1992.

Sorkin, Michael. All Over the Maps: Writing on Buildings and Cities. London: Verso, 2011.

Wu, Liangyong. Rehabilitating the Old City of Beijing: A Project in the Ju'er Hutong Neighbourhood. Vancouver: UBCPress, 1999.

Wu. Liangyong. Introduction to Rehabilitating the Old City of Beijing: A Project in the Ju’er Hutong Neighbourhood, xvi-xxiii. Vancouver: UBCPress, 1999. Yue Dong, Madeleine. Republican Beijing: The city and Its Histories. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

Zhang, Liang. La naissance du concept de patrimoine en Chine: XIX-XX siècles. Dijon Quetigny: Editions Recherches, 2003.

Zheng, Lian. "Urban Renewal in Beijing, Observation and Analysis." Student research, McGill, 1995.

Zhu, Jianfei and Hing-wah Chau, "King's Joy"Abitare 032 (2012): 76-79.

Zhu, An. "Beiyou lu hua." In Yuzhoufeng [Wind of the universe] 26. October 1,1936.

Yung Ho Chang. ''Yung Ho Chang's Viewpoint "Abitare 032 (2012): 20-23.

Yung Ho, Chang. "My Father and \" Abitare W (2012): 10-11.

#WEB-ARTICLES. #WEB-SITES.

Albera, Francesca. "Ritratti di citta: Pechino. dinamica e immutabile.” II Giornale dell'Architettura, May 15.2015. Accessed June 2,2015.

http://www.ilgiornaiedellarcliitettura.eom/articoli/2015/5/12ii280.html.

Beijing Cultural Heritage Protection Center, http://en.bjchp.org.

Beijing Cultural Heritage Protection Center. "A Better Future for Gulou - CHP's Views on the Planned Redevelopment." May 4,2010. Accessed July 12,2015. http://en.bjchp.org/?p=2385.

Beijing Cultural Heritage Protection Center. "Core Beliefs.'' http://en.bjchp.org/?page_id=18.

Beijing Cultural Heritage Protection Center. "Our Mission." http://en.bjchp.org/?page_id=15.

Beijing Cultural Heritage Protection Center. "Protection of the Old City of Beijing: Good Plans, No Follow Through," September 29,2005. Last accessed August 15,2015. http://en.bjchp.org/?p=149.

BIG. "Big Opens Office in Beijing." February 7,2013. Accessed April 13,2015. http://www.big.dk/#projects.

Booth. Robert, and Jonathan Watts. "Charles takes on China to save Ming dynasty houses from Beijing's concrete carbuncles." The Guardian, June 5. 2008. Accessed March 2,2015. http://www.theguardlan.com/environment/2008/jun/05/greenbuilding.ethicalliving.

Charassuvichakanich. Napatra. "Gulou Hipsters Bar Hop." The Beijinger, 5 November, 2010. Accessed March 2,2015. http://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2010/11/05/gulou-hipsters-bar-hop.

ChinaAbout.net. "What does the word China (zhongguo) mean In Chinese?," April 11,2013. Accessed July 15,2015. https://www.chinaabout.net/what-does-the-word-china-zhongguo-mean-in-chinese/.

China Daily. "Foreigners call for hutong protection in the capital." October 15,2002. Accessed March, 2015. http://clta-gny.org/news-interest-3.htm. Chung, Amy. "What's the future for Gulou?" Time Out Beijing, September 1,2014. Accessed June 26,2015. http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/features/Blogs-Music_Blogs/32216/Whats-the-future-for-Gulou.html.

Oe Giorgi, Gabriele. "Periurbano, che fare?" In Costruire nel costruito: Architettura a volume zero. Milano: Di Baio Editore, July, 2012. Accessed April, 2015. http://web.unicam.it/culturaurbana/7_2012.pdf.

Devine, Donn. "How Long is a Generation?" Ancestry. http://www.ancestry.com.au/learn/learningcenters/default.aspx?section=lib_Generation. Digigraphie by Epson. "Julio de Matos." Accessed July 3,2015. http://www.digigraphie.com/profile/993/julio-de-matos.htm.

DuGe. "DuGe Boutique Hotel Brochure." Downloaded April 14,2015. http://www.dugecourtyard.com/download/sites/default/files/dugehotel.pdf. DuGe. "About Duge." http://www.dugecourtyard.com/about_duge.

Edwards, Dan. "Meet Mr Preservation: He Shuzhong on Saving China's Cultural Heritage." May 21,2010. Accessed July 13.2015. http://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2010/05/21/meet-mr-preservation-he-shuzhong-saving-china-s-cultural-heritage.

Foster, Peter. "Beijing's hutong saved after heritage groups campaign." The Telegraph, September 8,2010. Accessed March, 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/7989545/Beijings-hutong-saved-after-heritage-groups-campaign.htmL Foster, Peter, and Zhang Wei. "Historical Beijing quarter 'to be destroyed'." The Telegraph, March 28,2010. Accessed March. 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/7532375/Historical-Beijing-quarter-to-be-destroyed.html.

Gallagher. Sean. "Beijing's urban makeover: the 'hutong' destruction." openOemocracry, June 12,2006. Accessed April 14,2015. https://www.opendemocracy.net/arts-photography/hutong_destruction_3632.jsp.

Graham Foundation. [META:HUTONGS]." Accessed July, 2015. http://grahamfoundation.org/granteesM9/3-meta-hutongs.

Hutong School. "Social Networking Sites in China." Accessed July 9,2015. http://www.hutong-school.com/social-networking-sites-china.

Instant Hutong. Accessed August 31,2015. hhttp://www.instanthutong.com.

Jacobs, Andrew. "Bulldozers Meet Historic Chinese Neighborhood.'' The New York Times. July 20,2010. Accessed March, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/21/world/asia/21 beijing.html? _r=0.

Johnson, Ian. "China's Fog Weighs Heavily on Shoulders of Its Premier Architect.” The New York Times. February 6,2015. Accessed February, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/07/world/asia/chinas-fog-weighs-heavily-on-shoulders-of-its-premier-architect.html.

Kessel, Jonah. ''The Fate of Old Beijing: CH. 1 - A Disappearing World.'' Vimeo [abstract), 2011. Accessed March 4,2015. https://vimeo.eom/19122141. Liang, Chen. "Architects offer creative ways to renovate Beijing's historic neighborhoods." Global Times. November 11.2014. Accessed April, 2015. http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/891251.shtml.

Matos, Julio de. "Reflection: Fading hutongs Julio de Matos Photography. 2006. Accessed February, 2015.

http://www.juliodematos.com/en_essaysjadinghutongs_text.html.

Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze. "Tasse sugli immobili, stabili negli ultimi anni," February 25,2015. Accessed July 1,2015. http://www.mef.gov.it/inevidenza/article_0082.html.

Open Architecture. '"Stepped Courtyards. Changle, China, 2012-2013." December 24,2012. Accessed July. 2015. http://www.openarch.com/task/2149. Pennington, Clare. "Yung Ho Chang interview: Chinese 'starchitect' Yung Ho Chang wants to get back to nature." Time Out Beijing. October 3,2012. Accessed February 24.2015. http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/features/Art/16879Aung-Ho-Chang-interview.html.

Randian. "Cheng Nan Project - Qianmen East Area 2014." October 24,2014. Accessed April 13,2015. http://www.randian-online.com/np_event/cheng-nan-project-qianmen-east-area-2014/.

Rix, Juliet. "Hip Beijing: a neighbourhood guide." Lonely Planet. July 11,2013. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/travel-tips-and-articles/77778. Rizzardi, Pier Alessio, and Zhang Hankun [TCA Think Tank). "An Interview with Yung Ho Chang. Atelier FCJZ." ArchDaily. November 27,2013. Accessed February 24,2015. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=451281.

Saieh. Nico. "Beijing Hutong Bubble / MAD." ArchDaily. February 24,2010. Accessed February 24,2015. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=50931.

Silbert, Sean. "Beijing's old backstreets are right up too many tourists' alley." Los Angeles Times. December 28,2014. Accessed July, 2015. http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-china-hutongs-20141228-story.html.

Spencer, Richard. "Demolition of China's heritage attacked by minister." The Telegraph. June 12,2007. Accessed March. 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1554322/Demolition-of-Chinas-heritage-attacked-by-minister.html.

The Orchid, http://www.theorchidbeijing.com.

The Orchid. "Building the Orchid GuLou: Such a Big Yard." July 20,2010. Accessed July 3,2015. http://www.theorchidbeijing.eom/about/building-the-orchid-gulou/page/8/.

Thomson. Alex. "Will Beijing lose its collective memory when the hutongs go?" Channel 4 News. August 4,2008. Accessed April 14,2015. http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/world/asia_pacific/will+beijing+lose+its+collective+memory+when+the+hutongs+go/2378072.html.

Time Out Beijing. "Modernista.” First published on September, 112012. Accessed April 13,2015. http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/venue/Bars_Clubs-Bars_Clubs/13785/Modernista.html.

Travel China Guide. "Beijing Hutong." Accessed March 28,2015. http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/beijing/hutong/.

Travel China Guide. "Hutong Culture.” Accessed March 28.2015. http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/beijing/hutong/culture.htm.

Trejos, Nancy. "Hip Beijing: Sanlitun." The Washington Post, October 8.2011. Accessed August, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/hip-beijing-saniitun/2011/09/21/glQAQ8ZOTL_story.html.

UCCA. "UCCA presents first retrospective of Yung Ho Chang - Pioneer Contemporary Chinese Architect," September 18,2012. Accessed February 24. 2015. http://ucca.org.cn/wp-content/upioads/2014/05/YHC-Press-Release-EN-29091 2.pdf.

UNESCO. General Conference resolution. Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. October 15-10,2011. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002150/215084e.pdf#page=52.

Wainwright, Oliver. "Designers use urban acupuncture' to revive Beijing's historic hutongs." The Guardian. October 2,2013. Accessed February 24, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2013/oct/02/beijing-design-week-china-hutongs-preservation. Wainwright, Oliver. "Zaha Hadid's mega mall accused of 'destroying' Beijing's heritage." The Guardian, August 2,2013. Accessed July 14,2015. http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2013/aug/02/zaha-hadid-destroying-beijing-heritage.

Want China Times. "Naniuoguxiang, a Beijing alley for foreign dignitaries." March 10,2010. Accessed July 4,2015. http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subciass-cnt.aspx?id=20140310000005&cid=1304.

Yao, Joanne. “Beijing's Hutongs: Preserving History Through Business." Entrepreneur. August 14,2008. Accessed August, 20105. http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/196442.

Yung Ho, Chang. "Preface: Fading hutongs 12005-2008)." Julio de Matos Photography. 2006. Accessed February, 2015. http://www.juliodematos.com/en_essays_fadinghutongs_preface.html.

Zhou, Ruru. "Beijing Hutongs.” China Highlights. Last updated August 11,2015. Accessed March 28.2015. http://www.chinahighlights.com/beijing/hutong/.

Zhou, Qian, and Steven Elsinga. "Nali Lai de?' - An Overview of Expat Demographics in China." China Briefing. January 8,2015. Accessed July 6,2015. http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2015/01/08/nali-lai-de-overview-expats-china.html.

#LECTURES. #PRESENTATIONS.

Bordone, Lucia. "Conceptualizing collective memory in a multidisciplinary perspective." Lecture. Istituto Svizzera, Roma, February 10,2015.

De Alba. Marta. "Case Studies in Mexico City.” Lecture. Istituto Svizzera, Roma. February 20,2015.

Gatto, Marino. "Sustainability: concepts and problems." Lecture, ASP Spring School. Beigirate, March, 2015.

Jacquot, Sébastien. "Mapping controversial memories in the historic urban landscape - Comments.” Lecture, Istituto Svizzero, Roma, February 18 2015.

Pedrazzini, Yves."[controversial memories]: architecture of the project and team organization." Lecture, Istituto Svizzero, Roma, February 18,2015.

Ruzicka-Rossier, Monique. "Remettre les villes en perspective." Lecture. EPFL. Lausanne, April 2015.

Wang, Jun. "Friends of Old Beijing: Hutongs and Beijing." Lecture. Beijing Cultural Heritage Protection Centre, Beijing, November 11.2006.

http://en.bjchp.org/?p=184.

Zan, Luca. Lecture, Istituto Svizzero, Roma. February 19,2015.

#VIDEOS.

Dans les décombres (Qian Men Qian/ DVD. Directed by Olivier Meys. 2008: Belgique: .Mille et .Une Films /Limited Adventures /CBA /TV Rennes 35.

Ha. Matthieu. 'Des miroirs où tout s'inverse." Youtube video, 6:33. December 14,2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Et_YFMW2x8.

Kessel, Jonah, and Kit Gillet. "The Fate of Old Beijing: The Vanishing Hutongs." Vimeo video, 3:42. https://vimeo.com/19341584.

TheHutong 'The Hutong Video. A Day in Beijing." Youtube video. April 11.2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGDGyh5AGgE.

Zhang, Weimin. "The Last Days of Beijing Hutongs (Trailer)." Youtube video, 7:52. January 17,2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJsrj58yDEE.

#PICTURES.

All the pictures have been taken by Anna Pagani from May 20.2015 to June 18,2015.

Ail the graphs and schemes as well as all the graphic revisitations have been designed by Anna Pagani.

The cover picture has been taken in Gulou on May 3.2015.

The icons have been downloaded from The Noun Project: https://thenounproject.com.

The maps used to represent my case study have been taken from Google Maps and Apple Maps, and then revisited.

The source of the pictures that have been downloaded online or scanned from specific books has been specified in the captions.

#BL0G.

My experience in Beijing has been documented in a VideoBlog: http://nina-in-beijing.tumblr.com.

*in order to have access to the Blog a password is required. Contact me at my e-mail address.

Modifica (riservato agli operatori) Modifica (riservato agli operatori)