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Characterization of an in vitro test bench for hemodynamics studies in realistic 3D printed arterial phantoms

Orlando Pallotta

Characterization of an in vitro test bench for hemodynamics studies in realistic 3D printed arterial phantoms.

Rel. Umberto Morbiducci, Diego Gallo, Claudio Chiastra. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Biomedica, 2019

Abstract:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the second cause of mortality in most developed countries. The main form of these diseases is atherosclerosis, that is a fatty substances accumulation close to the arterial walls, with plaque formation and restriction of vessel lumen for the blood flow passage as consequences. This restriction of arterial dimensions, called stenosis, allows the various organs to have a reduced blood supply from the heart, and cause critical phenomena as stroke or ictus. CVD are asymptomatic, so the possibility to diagnose quickly this pathology type would be a huge advantage for the society and would decrease the mortality rate due to it. Nowadays, the discover of new and efficacious investigate techniques is the main study object of some research groups, even if imaging instrumentation available for clinicians already exist. The realization of experimental flow simulators (mock circulatory loop, MCL) is the new idea of some multinational companies in order to replicate pathological conditions, with a particular blood flow rate, of a patient-specific case realistically. The possibility to conduct in vitro hemodynamics studies is associated with another technique that is being used in biomedical applications more and more: 3D printing. The production of realistic phantoms in order to simulate the stenosed cardiovascular districts of a specific patient, with the desired material and reasonable costs, would be a benefit for the entire population and for people working in this sector. After the diagnosis, the therapy follows. Among the different proposed solutions, a stent implant is the most considered one by clinicians. It involves a critical surgical operation. A MCL allows surgeons to training, simulating the therapeutic intervention. The thesis scope is the study and characterization of a MCL by BDC Laboratories for blood flow passage through coronary arteries, and to understand its working principles and control with an appropriate software. Starting from it, an in vitro test bench for hemodynamics studies in realistic carotid arterial phantoms is realized. After a general discussion about cardiovascular system and CVD in Chapter 1, a more detailed description of all components and functions of the analyzed flux simulator is shown in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, a mechanical characterization of the hydraulic circuit follows in order to understand how it responds with different flow rates and to compare its behavior with the real physiological conditions of the human body. The learning process on MCL completed, some arterial phantoms of a right common carotid artery with different stenosed levels are 3D printed: all operations about CADs realization are described in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5 the in vitro test bench used for hemodynamics studies in 3D realistic phantoms is shown, and in Chapter 6 the work ends with an overview on results, conclusions, comments and future developments.

Relatori: Umberto Morbiducci, Diego Gallo, Claudio Chiastra
Anno accademico: 2019/20
Tipo di pubblicazione: Elettronica
Numero di pagine: 156
Informazioni aggiuntive: Tesi secretata. Full text non presente
Soggetti:
Corso di laurea: Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Biomedica
Classe di laurea: Nuovo ordinamento > Laurea magistrale > LM-21 - INGEGNERIA BIOMEDICA
Aziende collaboratrici: NON SPECIFICATO
URI: http://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/id/eprint/12927
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