Nanomedicine has attracted great interest in the past few decades. The possibility to reduce sizes down to the micro and nanoscale enables a whole new set of physical phenomena that promises to completely change and revolutionize the way of diagnosing and treating patients. Moreover, the advancements in synthesis and fabrication precision allow for more complex nanomedical platforms to treat a variety of diseases. In cancer therapy, the need for highly selective targeted delivery and real time tracking inside the body led to the development of a broad range of nanocarriers, which differ in formulation, shape and mechanisms of action. Among all the possible carriers, gold nanoparticles offer a well established synthesis process, high biocompatibility, particle tunability, and possibility of surface functionalization.