Carlo Alberto Monteverde, Giorgio Salza
From roof to ground : rethinking habitat via roofscape design.
Rel. Mauro Berta, Francesca Frassoldati, Peter Ferretto. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Architettura Costruzione Città, 2017
Abstract: |
INTRODUCTION It was 2009 when Portrait From Above, edited by Rufina Wu and Stefan Canahm, came out, revealing throughout the world the existence of “another” Hong Kong built above the city itself. Informal communities rose more than 50 years ago above high rise buildings and, as the author refers, in her publication these settlements look like rural villages on the top of other buildings (Wu, 2009). In this historical period of abrupt growth of the cities, with globalized networks of human settlements and infrastructural configurations (Brenner, 2014), this kind of architecture is the answer to the overpriced cost of dwellings of the city. Most of all, what is interesting, it’s the human natural propensity to set up communities even on a strange location as a roof. This unique and bizarre urban development inspired this research, that aims to find new solutions for an alternative development of hyper-dense cities, using roofs as new ground 0 for the urban community growth. Thinking of a roof as a new habitat for the public sphere (Fraser, 1993). That’s a step forward compared to what we expected to find. We were looking for the reason behind, we found, intrinsically, a way forward another kind of development. Therefore, this thesis started from a deep analysis of how globalization influenced the urban development of the main cities of the world, focusing on three Asian trade ports, including Hong Kong, who are continuously re-shaping themselves due to unceasing immigrants flows and business investments. In particular Hong Kong, at the center of the debate on urban development, it’s a mixture of top-down planning and bottom-up informal activities(Frampton, 2010), that unfortunately is facing a series of redevelopments of historical urban areas that are increasing gentrification at the expense of community heritage. Wedding Card Street and Langham Place are some cases that influenced this debate. Despite these events, community is constantly re-shaping its boundaries, finding always unexpected developing solutions. You can understand a lot of Hong Kong people by looking at the use of residual spaces as sidewalks, causeways, high rise buildings canyons and, obviously roofs. These spaces are the soul of the public sphere and sense of community in Hong Kong. Between these solutions, roofs are those having a better outlook for future. In a future of increased building density, the current ground floor, concerned as base of the ordinary urban experiences,(Crawford, 2008) could be shift on above high-rise buildings, opening to an innovative and alternative urban vertical expansion. Consequently, the research concentrates on Kowloon City District, in East Hong Kong, where one of the most radical urban renewal projects of the city is under development: the Second Central Business District of Hong Kong. Beside this top-down process, in the same district, is located one of the poorest working- class neighborhood of the city, Ma Tau Kok. This area is an arrival station for immigrants and it is well-known for the presence of several informal settlements on roofs of old buildings, disparate ex-industries and for the lack of community gathering places. Thanks to its industrial background, this area is full of massive buildings with unused large flat roofs, that have been field for our rooftop community habitat. Following a deep study of social needs, through interviews with population and local NGO’s, we defined, as urban planning methodology, a matrix of functions, starting from users requested goals and desirable scenarios. Throughout this methodology, linked to the analysis of each building of the area, regarding users, neighborhood, roof shape and potentials, we projected the community spaces of each roof in Ma Tau Kok. Reconnecting to the research start point, the thesis ends with a detailed study of the roof vertical expansion of the “5 streets” rooftop informal village. Our project aims to find a solution to improve inhabitants lifestyle and community public sphere, through innovative entrepreneurial solutions. This thesis aims to criticize the usual top-down urban planning of such a global city as Hong Kong. We propose a bottom-up solution, starting from population needs and cultural heritage of the city. We introduce a community-based program for future urban redevelopments. We introduce maximum use of buildings, converting roofs to innovative community hubs. Our aim is to move from Roof to Ground... |
---|---|
Relators: | Mauro Berta, Francesca Frassoldati, Peter Ferretto |
Publication type: | Printed |
Subjects: | U Urbanistica > UK Pianificazione urbana |
Corso di laurea: | Corso di laurea magistrale in Architettura Costruzione Città |
Classe di laurea: | New organization > Master science > LM-04 - ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING |
Aziende collaboratrici: | UNSPECIFIED |
URI: | http://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/id/eprint/6188 |
Chapters: | 1 GLOBAL CITIES 1.1 TWO MODELS 1.1.1 Endless Cities 1.1.2 Bounded Cities 2 HYPER-DENSITY 2.1 A COMPARISON BETWEEN THREE MAIN PACIFIC METROPOLIS 2.2 HISTORY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH 2.3 POPULATION GROWTH AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 2.4 TIMELINE 2.5 LANDS OF RECLAMATIONS 2.6 LANDS OF RECLAMATIONS 2.7 ROOFTOP AS EVOLUTION OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE 3 SOCIAL DEBATE 3.1 HONG KONG: RENEWAL BETWEEN REVITALIZATION AND GENTRIFICATION 4 IN BETWEEN SPACES 4.1 HONG KONG’S CANIONS 4.2 STREETS 4.3 STREETS: WORKERS SUNDAY GATHERINGS ROOFTOP COMMUNITIES 5 RENEWAL CASES 5.1 MONGKOK AND LANGHAM PLACE 5.2 WEDDING CARD STREET 5.3 FUTURE SCENARIOS 6 KOWLOON CITY 6.1 CBD2 6.2 KAI-TAK 6.3 GENTRIFICATION DEBATE IN KCD 7 MA TAU KOK 7.1 INDUSTRIAL BACKGROUND 7.2 ARRIVAL DISTRICT 7.3 IGES AFTER KAITAK CLOSING 7.4THE NEW MTR STATION 7.5 MTR STATION 7.6 ENTREPRENEURIAL DISTRICT 7.7 THE PUBLIC SPACE DEBATE 7.7.1 Official public spaces Informal public spaces 7.8 MATAU KOK PEOPLE 7.9 THE MAGIC CARPET OF HENDRICK TIEBEN 8 PRE-CONDITIONS 8.1 ROOFSCAPE: AN INTERNATIONAL OPEN DEBATE 8.2 STARTING FROM THE CURRENT SITUATION 8.2.1 Rooftop settlements’ community sphere 8.2.2 Rooftop gardening 8.2.3 Rooftop playground 8.3 APPLICATION 8.4 ANALYSIS 8.5 MASTERPLAN 9 5 STREETS 9.1 BACKGROUND 9.2 DIMENSION AND ROOFSHAPE 9.3 USERS: INTERVIEWS 9.4 POTENTIALS 10 PROJECT 10.1 CONCEPT 10.2 WATER SYSTEM 10.3 VEGETATION SYSTEM 10.4 COMMUNITY HUBS 10.5 HUBS TYPOLOGIES CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES |
Bibliography: | BIBLIOGRAPHY Harris P. G., Environmental policy and sustainable development in China: Hong Kong in Global Context, Bristol, The Policy Press, 2012. Kvan T., Karakiewicz J., A Brief History Of Reclamation In Macau, from Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Vol. 37, 1998. TIAN B., WU W., YANG Z., ZHOU Y., Drivers, trends, and potential impacts of long-term coastal reclamation in China from 1985 to 2010, from Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Elsevier, vol 170, 2016. WANG E,MIYAJIMA M.,TONGLU LI T.,WEI SHAN W., FATHANI T. E (ed.), Progress of Geo-Disaster Mitigation Technology in Asia, London, Springer, 2012. Environmental Protection Department, Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report, <http:// www.epd.gov.hk/eia/register/report/eiareport/eia_l 532008/EIA-pdf/Appendix/app%206.1 .pdf>, 2008, [last retrieved: 2017-08-25] LEITAO L., Macao builds a new frontier with ambitious reclamation, <https://macauhub.com.mo/feature/ macao-builds-a-new-frontier-with-ambitious-reclamation/>, 2016 [last retrieved: 2017-08-25] Ministry of National Development, A High Quality Living Environment For All Singaporeans: Land Use Plan to Support Singapore’s Future Population, <www.mnd.gov.sg/landuseplan>, 2013 [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] Development Bureau, Planning Department , Hong Kong 2030+: Towards a Planning Vision and Strategy Trascending 2030, 2016. Centre for Culture and Development, CUHK, Survey on the Current Status of Industrial Buildings for Arts Activities and Future Demand., <http://www.hkadc.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/ResourceCentre_ ResearchReport/20110127_CSIB/Research_Report.pdf.>, 2010, [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] Civil Engeneering and Development Department, Kai Tak Development, <http://www.ktd.gov.hk/ eng/ >, 2017 [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] Civil Engeneering and Development Department, Overview of Kai Tak Development, <http://www. ktd.gov.hk/eng/overview.html.>, 2008 [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] Energizing Kowloon East, Background, <http://www.ekeo.gov.hk/en/about_ekeo/background.html.>,2016, [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] Energizing Kowloon East, Kai Tak Fantasy International Competition, Hong Kong, <http://www.ekeo. gov.hk/kaitakfantasy/en/exh_result.html.>, 2014 [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] Environmental Affairs Department, City of Los Angeles, Green Roofs: Cooling Los Angeles, <http://www. environmentla.org/pdf/EnvironmentalBusinessProgs/Green%20Roofs%20Resource%20Guide%20 2007.pdf>, 2007 [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] Hong Kong Housing Authority, <http://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/> 2017, [last retrieved: 2017-08 12] Hong Kong Government, Hiring Foreign Domestic Helpers, <https://www.gov.hk/en/residents/ employment/recruitment/foreigndomestichelper.htm>,2016 [last retrieved: 2017-09-05] HONG KONG GOVERNMENT, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, <http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/tech_doc/hkpsg/full/>, 2017, [last retrieved: 2017-09-05] JONES LANG LASALLE, Broader Hong Kong: Commercial Space Master-plan embraces CBD2 Development, Hong Kong, <http://www.jll.com.hk/hong-kong/en-gb/Research/paper-hk-2012-CBD2.pdf.>, 2015, [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] MTR CORPORATION LTD, Shatin To Central Link, <http://www.mtr-shatincentrallink.hk/en/project- details.>, 2013 [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] POLICY ADDRESS, Breaking New Ground Together, < https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/09-10/eng/p21. html>, 2010 [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] URBAN RENEWAL AUTHORITY, Langham Place kick-starts regeneration ofMongkok, 2005 <http://www.ura. org.hk/en/media/press-release/2005/20050125.aspx>, 2017, [last retrieved: 2017-09-05] Charles E., Edward J., Airport of the Nine Dragons: Kai Tak, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Chingchic Publisher, 1996. Chiu S., Tai-Lok L., Hong Kong, becoming a Chinese Global City, Abingdon, Routledge, 2009. Delang C., Ng Y., Urban Regeneration and Heritage Preservation with Public Participation: The Case of the Kai Tak Runway in Hong Kong, The Open Geography Journal, 2009. Hang D., Khairudin Aljunied S.M., Singapore in Global History, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, Vol. 14, 2011. Lange, C., New Territories: Deconstructing and Constructing Countryside: The Great Divide of Rural and Urban In Hong Kong. Archit. Design, vol. 86, 2016. Meyer U., Architectural guide Hong Kong, Berlin, Dom Publisher, 2013. Pearson, V., T.K. Ko, A sense of place: Hong Kong West ofPottinger Street, Hong Kong, Joint Pub. Co, 2008. Shelton B., Karakiewicz, Kvan T., The Making of Hong Kong: From Vertical to Volumetric, London, Routledge, 2011. Xue C. Q., Hong Kong Architecture 1945-2015: From Colonial to Global, Berlin, Springer, 2016. China Foreign Relations, Convention For The Extension of Hong Kong, 1898, <http://www. chinaforeignrelations.net/node/ [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] CIVIL ENGENEERING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT, The Story of Kai Tak, <http://www.ktd.gov.hk/ publiccreatives/en/the_inheritance.html.>, 2017, [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] CARNEY J., Living in the City of Darkness, 12 February 2015, <http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/ article/1191748/kowloon-walled-city-life-city-darkness>, 2015 [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] Ho P., Lo H., NGW., LAM H., CHANG W., T se Y.M., Historical cum Social Study on Kowloon City districtin connection with Kai Tak area, <https://www.heritage.gov.hk/en/doc/conserve/kowlooncityfinalreport. pdf>, 2009, [last retrieved: 2017-09-05] HONG KONG MEMORY, Industrialization in Post-war Hong Kong, <http://www.hkmemory.hk/collections/ postwar_industries/industrialization_in_postwar_hong_kong/index.html#&panell-l>, 2016 [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] Ho E., Renewing the Urban Regeneration Approach in Hong Kong, SS Student E-Journal, vol.l, 2012, pp. 110-139. La Grange A., Pretorius E, Gentrification and. Hong Kong’s Inner Urban Areas, Toulouse, Enhr Conference, 2011. ROSSINI E, Nuevos espacios colectivos de la ciudad vertical contemporànea, El caso de Hong Kong, Conference report, Universität Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. Wu R., Canham S., Portrait From Above: Hong Kong’s informal rooftop settlements, Berlin, Peperoni Books, 2008. Zuser, T., Hidden agenda? Culturalpolicy in Hong Kong’s urban redevelopment, Master’s thesis, Department of Cultural Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, 2014. Driedger M., Maids Day Off in Hong Kong, Things Asian Press, 15 November 2010, <http://thingsasian. com/story/maids-day-hong-kong>, 2010 [last retrieved: 2017-09-05]. Kammerer P., There’s no shortage of land for housing in Hong Kong, only a lack of will to act for the people, from South China Morning Post, 26 September 2016, http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/ article/2022556/theres-no-shortage-land-housing-hong-kong-only-lack-will-act, 2016 [last retrieved: 2017-08-22] NGO J, Neighbourhood Sounds To Kwa Wan: Rundown but in high spirits, South China Morning Post, 10 August 2012, <http://www.scmp.com/article/10l4458/kwa-wan-rundown-high-spirits>, 2012, [last retrieved: 2017-08-22], RHL International Ltd, The Wheel of Gentrification, Market Watch Report, June 2016. < http://www. rhl-int.com/index.php?lang=en> 2016 [last retrieved: 2017-08-22], SUNG T., UR A plans HK$10b redevelopment in To Kwa Wan, from RTHK, 3 June 2016, <http://news. rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1264l 15-20160603.htm> 2016 [last retrieved: 2017-08-22], TONG E., Hidden Agenda raid: All 7 released, as UK band laments Hong Kong’s ‘difficult’ creative environment, from Hong Kong Free Press, <https://www.hongkongfp.com/2017/05/09/hidden-agenda-raid-7-released- uk-band-laments-hong-kongs-difficult-creative-environment/>, 2017 [last retrieved: 2017-08-22] Hill and Wang, 1990. TIEBEN H., The entrepreneurial city - re-envisioning To Kwa Wan, Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2016. TIEBEN H., Magic Carpet. Re-envisioning Community Space in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The Journal of Public Space ,2016. CHOI S., Demolishing illegal structures may he subsidized, from Macau Daily Times, chttp://macaudailytimes. com.mo/archive-2009-20l4/macau/36546-demolishing-illegal-structures-may-be-subsidized.html>, 2012, [last retrieved: 2017-08-22] URBAN HONG KONG, Public Space, <http://urbanhongkong.weebly.com/public-space.html>,2017 [last retrieved: 2017-09-10] ZHIDONG HAO, Social Problems in Macau, <http://www.chinaperspectives.revues.org/552>, 2005, [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] Burdett R., The Endless City: The Urban Age Project by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society\ London, Phaidon, 2010. Burdett R., Living in the Endless City: The Urban Age Project by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society, London, Phaidon, 2011. Burgess R., Jenks M., Compact Cities: Sustainable Urban Forms for Developing Countries, London, Roudedge, 2001. Chakrabarti V., Building Hyperdensity and Civic Delight, London, Places Journal, June 2013. Frampton A., Cities Without Grounds: A Hong Kong Guidebook, Novato, Oro Edition, 2010. LAW C. M., Urban Tourism: The Visitor Economy and the Growth of Large Cities, London, Continuum, 2002. Magnago Lumpagnini V., Hong Kong: The Aesthetic Of Density, Prestel, London, 1993. Maas W., Farmax: Excursion on density, Rotterdam, 010 Publishers, 1998. Ng E., Designing High-Density Cities For Social And Environmental Sustainability, London, VA : Earth- scan, 2010. REALI L., Densità Città Residenza: Tecniche Di Densificazione E Strategie Anti-Sprawl, Roma, Gangemi Editore, 2008. SHUI-MEI H., Urbanizing Carescapes of Hong Kong: Two Systems, One City, Lanham, Lexington Books, 2015. Wai-Chung LAI L., Planning by Contract: The Leasehold Foundation of a Comprehensively Planned Capitalist Land Market, Economic Affairs, n.25, 2005. Centre FOR Liveable Cities and Urban Land Institute, 10 Principles for Liveable High-Density Cities: Lessons from Singapore <http://www.clc.gov.sg/documents/ books/10PrinciplesforLiveableHighDensityCitiesLessonsfromSingapore.pdf>, 2013 [last retrieved: 2017-OS-12] DE URBANISTEN, Rotterdam /?0(7/Sc^«,<http://www.urbanisten.nl/wp/?portfolio=rotterdam-roofscapes>, 2015 [last retrieved: 2017-09-08] DSEC, Statistics, <http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic/>, 2016 [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] HOLMES D., Hyper-city, Hyper-density, <http://www.damianholmes.com/2015/07/12/hyper-city-hyper- density-how-to-design-cities/>, 2015 [last retrieved: 2017-07-05]. THE EDITORS OF ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, Macau Administrative Region, <https://www.britannica. com/place/Macau-administrative-region-China>, 2017, [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Singapore, <https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore>, 2017, [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] THE EDITORS OF ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, Hong Kong Administrative Region, 2017, <https://www. britannica.com/place/Hong-Kong>[last retrieved: 2017-08-12] GEORG I., BLASCHKET., TAUBENBOCK H., New Spatial Dimensions Of Global Cityscapes: From Reviewing Existing Concepts To A Conceptual Spatial Approach, Beijing, Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26 (3), 2016. GLAESER E., KERR W., What Makes a City Entrepreneurial?, Harvard University, 2010. LAW C. M., Urban Tourism: The Visitor Economy and the Growth of Large Cities, London, Continuum, 2002. MCCOLL R. W., Encyclopedia ofWorld Geography, Golson Books, New York, 2005, pp. 159-161. SASSEN S., Cities in aWorld Economy, Sociology for a new century, 1994. SASSEN S., The Global City: introducing a Concept, from Brown Journal of World Affairs, 2005. UNITED NATION, China: Hong Kong SAR, 2015, <http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=China,%20Hong%20Kong%20SAR> [last retrieved: 2017-08-12] UNWTO, Tourism market trend: annual report, <www2.unwto.org/publication/unwto-annual- report-2012>, 2012 [last retrieved: 2017-06-15]. World Bank, Singapore, <https://data.worldbank.org/country/singapore>, 2015 [last retrieved: 2017-06- 10] WORLD BANK, Hong Kong, <https://data.worldbank.org/country/hong-kong-sar-china>, 2015 [last retrieved: 2017-06-10] WORLD BANK, Macau, <https://data.worldbank.org/country/macao-sar-china>, 2015 [last retrieved: 2017-06-10] |
Modify record (reserved for operators) |