@ARTICLE{EVUotElectricMarch,
  author={Hori, Y. and Toyoda, Y. and Tsuruoka, Y.},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications}, 
  title={Traction control of electric vehicle: basic experimental results using the test EV "UOT electric march"}, 
  year={1998},
  volume={34},
  number={5},
  pages={1131-1138},
  keywords={Electric vehicles;Testing;Motion control;Force control;Optimal control;Road vehicles;Torque control;Tires;Motion estimation;Internal combustion engines},
  doi={10.1109/28.720454}
}
  
@article{DeNovellis2014TVComparison,
  author  = {Leonardo De Novellis and Aldo Sorniotti and Patrick Gruber and Andrew Pennycott},
  title   = {Comparison of Feedback Control Techniques for Torque-Vectoring Control of Fully Electric Vehicles},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
  year    = {2014},
  volume  = {63},
  number  = {8},
  pages   = {3612--3623},
  doi     = {10.1109/TVT.2014.2305475}
}

@inproceedings{Corno2013HapticTC,
  author    = {Matteo Corno},
  title     = {A Haptic-Based Traction Control System},
  booktitle = {2013 American Control Conference (ACC)},
  year      = {2013},
  pages     = {6430--6435},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  doi       = {10.1109/ACC.2013.6580847},
  isbn      = {978-1-4799-0177-7}
}

@article{NovelTractionControlSingleWheel,
author = {Yang, Ying and Liang, Yingjing and Xu, Guoqing and Zhang, Jieming},
title = {Novel traction control of electric vehicle based on single wheel dynamics},
journal = {The Journal of Engineering},
volume = {2019},
number = {23},
pages = {9006-9012},
keywords = {road vehicles, tyres, traction, wheels, stability, control system synthesis, torque control, vehicle dynamics, electric vehicles, optimal control, vehicle time constant varies, wheel speed, fix controller parameters value, speed range, control methodology, electric vehicle, single wheel dynamics, nonlinearity, uncertainty, parameters variation, vehicle dynamics, novel traction control model, optimal traction performance, fast torque response, driver operation, judgement unit, optimal slip ratio controller, reference value, engineering design method, different work conditions},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.9168},
url = {https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1049/joe.2018.9168},
eprint = {https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/joe.2018.9168},
abstract = {It is hard for traction control to ensure the stability of vehicles because of the non-linearity, uncertainty and parameters variation of vehicle dynamics. A novel traction control model is presented in this study to obtain the optimal traction performance by taking the advantage of fast torque response of electric vehicles (EVs) and dealing with driver operation properly. A new judgement unit is designed to combine the optimal slip ratio controller with driver operation, and the driver's input is kept when the slip ratio exceeds the reference value. Further, an engineering design method of the slip ratio controller is researched in terms of speed range and different work conditions. Two sets of controller parameters are designed since the vehicle time constant varies with wheel speed. The possibility of taking fix controller parameters value in one speed range is analysed and verified. Moreover, the stability of system and the influence of sampling frequency on system are analysed. Finally, the validity of the proposed control methodology is fully verified with simulation and experiments on the tire–road simulation test bench which adopts the asynchronous motor mechanical properties to simulate tire–road characteristics.},
year = {2019}
}

@article{AntiSkidControl,
author = {He, Y.},
year = {2021},
month = {03},
pages = {39-49},
title = {The Electric Vehicle Torque Adaptive Drive Anti-Skid Control Based on Objective Optimization},
volume = {15},
journal = {Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering}
}

@article{GeneralCurveMuSigmaFig,
author = {Kumar, Abhinav and Gupta, Ankit},
year = {2021},
month = {10},
pages = {1-16},
title = {Review of Factors Controlling Skid Resistance at Tire-Pavement Interface},
volume = {2021},
journal = {Advances in Civil Engineering},
doi = {10.1155/2021/2733054}
}

@article{DiffRoadsFig,
author = {Karakoc, Kerem},
pages = {},
title = {Design of a Magnetorheological Brake System Based on Magnetic Circuit Optimization}
}

@book{SMCandObservation,
author = {Shtessel, Yuri and EdwardsEVUotElectricMarch, C. and Fridman, Leonid and Levant, Arie},
year = {2016},
month = {01},
pages = {},
title = {Y. Shtessel, C. Edwards , L. Fridman, A. Levant. Sliding Mode Control and Observation, Series: Control Engineering, Birkhauser:Basel, 2014, ISBN: 978-0-81764-8923.},
isbn = {978-0-81764-8923},
doi = {10.1007/978-0-8176-4893-0}
}

@book{Pacejka,
author = {Pacejka, H.B.},
year = {2006},
month = {01},
pages = {},
title = {Tire and Vehicle Dynamics},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-7506-6918-4.X5000-X}
}

@inproceedings{figurePacejkaFx,
author = {Kang, Hooi Siang and Jalil, M. and Mailah, Musa},
year = {2004},
month = {12},
pages = {},
title = {Development of a Virtual Driving Simulator for Transportation Research}
}

@article{BurckhardtTheory,
author = {Canudas-de-Wit, Carlos and Tsiotras, Panagiotis and Velenis, Efstathios and Basset, Michel and Gissinger, G.l},
year = {2003},
month = {03},
pages = {189-226},
title = {Dynamic Friction Models for Road/Tire Longitudinal Interaction},
volume = {39},
journal = {Vehicle System Dynamics - VEH SYST DYN},
doi = {10.1076/vesd.39.3.189.14152}
}

@book{BurckTheoryJazar,
author = {Jazar, Reza},
year = {2014},
month = {01},
pages = {1-1066},
title = {Vehicle dynamics: Theory and application, second edition},
isbn = {978-1-4614-8543-8},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-8544-5}
}

@article{BurckhardtFigure,
author = {Seyyed Esmaeili, Jaffar and BAŞÇİ, ABDULLAH and Farnam, Arash},
year = {2023},
month = {08},
pages = {803},
title = {Design and Verification of Offline Robust Model Predictive Controller for Wheel Slip Control in ABS Brakes},
volume = {11},
journal = {Machines},
doi = {10.3390/machines11080803}
}

@article{ASR_PID,
  title={Acceleration slip regulation control strategy for four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles},
  author={Guo, Luole and Xu, Hongbing and Zou, Jianxiao},
  journal={IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume={14},
  number={4},
  pages={630--639},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{ANovelFLC,
author = {Liang Li and Xu Ran and Kaihui Wu and Jian Song and Zongqi Han},
title = {A novel fuzzy logic correctional algorithm for traction control systems on uneven low-friction road conditions},
journal = {Vehicle System Dynamics},
volume = {53},
number = {6},
pages = {711--733},
year = {2015},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
doi = {10.1080/00423114.2015.1012212},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2015.1012212},
eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2015.1012212}
}

@Article{TraditionalSMC,
AUTHOR = {Kang, Sheng and Chen, Junjie and Qiu, Guangqi and Tong, Hangkai},
TITLE = {Slip Ratio Adaptive Control Based on Wheel Angular Velocity for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles},
JOURNAL = {World Electric Vehicle Journal},
VOLUME = {14},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {5},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {119},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/5/119},
ISSN = {2032-6653},
ABSTRACT = {In order to solve the adaptability problem of acceleration slip regulation for distributed drive electric vehicles, a slip ratio adaptive control strategy based on wheel angular velocity is proposed. The principle of road estimation algorithm based on the Burckhardt tire model is analyzed, and an improved estimation principle for optimal slip ratio is designed to improve the speed and accuracy of optimal slip ratio estimation. A slip ratio control strategy based on a conditional integral sliding mode control is designed, and its stability is proven. To make the slip ratio control strategy have better practicability, the slip ratio control strategy is combined with the road estimation algorithm, and the control variable of the slip ratio adaptive control strategy based on a conditional integral sliding mode control is redesigned to obtain a faster vehicle dynamic response. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed road estimation algorithm and the slip ratio adaptive control strategy is verified by simulation of acceleration on joint road and split road. Results show that the designed road estimator can obtain the road adhesion coefficient and optimal slip ratio quickly and accurately; the slip ratio adaptive controller, based on a conditional integral sliding mode control, can maintain the wheel slip ratio near the optimal slip ratio and reduce the steady-state error of the wheel slip ratio.},
DOI = {10.3390/wevj14050119}
}

@article{VTCandApplications,
  title={Vehicle traction control and its applications},
  author={Kachroo, Pushkin and Tomizuka, Masayoshi},
  year={1994}
}

@article{MPCHybrid,
author = {Borrelli, Francesco and Bemporad, Alberto and Fodor, Michael and Hrovat, Davor},
year = {2006},
month = {06},
pages = {541 - 552},
title = {An MPC/hybrid system approach to traction control},
volume = {14},
journal = {Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on},
doi = {10.1109/TCST.2005.860527}
}

@inproceedings{NMPC,
  title={Model predictive slip control for electric vehicle with four in-wheel motors},
  author={Yuan, Lei and Chen, Hong and Ren, Bingtao and Zhao, Haiyan},
  booktitle={2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC)},
  pages={7895--7900},
  year={2015},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@online{congruence_traction_2024,
    author = {{Congruence Market Insights}},
    title = {Traction Control System Market Size, Share, Trends, and Analysis},
    url = {https://www.congruencemarketinsights.com/report/traction-control-system-market},
    urldate = {2026-05-02}, % La data in cui hai consultato il sito
    year = {2024},
    note = {Market Research Report}
}

@online{kings_research_traction_2024,
    author = {{Kings Research}},
    title = {Traction Control System Market Size, Share, Industry Analysis, and Forecast 2031},
    url = {https://www.kingsresearch.com/traction-control-system-market-955},
    urldate = {2026-05-02},
    year = {2024},
    note = {Industry Report}
}

@article{LyapunovTSMC,
author = {Li, Zixian and Pan, Shiju and Mao, Kang and Xu, Youchun},
year = {2024},
month = {05},
pages = {105893},
title = {Combined acceleration slip regulation for multi-wheel distributed electric drive vehicles considering torque loss factor},
volume = {146},
journal = {Control Engineering Practice},
doi = {10.1016/j.conengprac.2024.105893}
}

@inproceedings{Slotine1991AppliedNC,
  title={Applied Nonlinear Control},
  author={Jean-Jacques E. Slotine and Weiping Li},
  year={1991},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:106519536}
}

@book{phillips2000feedback,
    author    = {Phillips, Charles L. and Harbor, Royce D.},
    title     = {Feedback Control Systems},
    edition   = {4th},
    publisher = {Prentice Hall},
    year      = {2000},
    address   = {Upper Saddle River, N.J.},
    isbn      = {9780130156907}
}

@mastersthesis{wiben2012design,
    author      = {Wiben, Rune and Andersen, Mads Hellegaard},
    title       = {Design of Slip-based Active Braking and Traction Control System for the Electric Vehicle QBEAK},
    school      = {Aalborg University (AAU) - Study of Energy},
    type        = {Kandidatspeciale (Master's Thesis)},
    year        = {2012},
    month       = {June},
    address     = {Aalborg, Denmark},
    note        = {Branch of study: Energiteknik. Supervisor: Hans-Christian Becker Jensen},
    url         = {https://vbn.aau.dk/}, % O l'URL diretto del portale della Aalborg University
    keywords    = {QBEAK, Electric vehicle, slip control, ABS, TCS, sliding mode, anti wind-up, RLS, chattering, PMSM}
}






% use electronic, misc or online for links
% book for entire books 
% article if in journal
% inproceedings if in conference

% SOME EXAMPLES
% % The three most common and typical types of references used in
% % IEEE publications:

% % an article in a journal
% % Note the use of the IEEE_J_EDL string, defined in the IEEEabrv.bib file,
% % for the journal name. IEEEtran.bst defines the BibTeX standard three
% % letter month codes per IEEE style.
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices",
% % page 996, reference #16.
% @article{IEEEexample:article_typical,
%   author        = "S. Zhang and C. Zhu and J. K. O. Sin and P. K. T. Mok",
%   title         = "A Novel Ultrathin Elevated Channel Low-temperature
%                   Poly-{Si} {TFT}",
%   journal       = IEEE_J_EDL,
%   volume        = "20",
%   month         = nov,
%   year          = "1999",
%   pages         = "569-571"
% };

% % journal article using et al.
% % The (five) authors are actually: F. Delorme, S. Slempkes, G. Alibert,
% % B. Rose, J. Brandon
% % The month (July) was not given here.
% % From the September 1998 issue of "IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
% % Communications", page 1257, reference #28.
% @article{IEEEexample:articleetal,
%   author        = "F. Delorme and others",
%   title         = "Butt-jointed {DBR} Laser With 15 {nm} Tunability Grown
%                   in Three {MOVPE} Steps",
%   journal       = "Electron. Lett.",
%   volume        = "31",
%   number        = "15",
%   year          = "1995",
%   pages         = "1244-1245"
% };


% % a paper in a conference proceedings
% % "conference" can be used as an alias for "inproceedings"
% % From the June 2002 issue of "Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems",
% % page 205, reference #16.
% @inproceedings{IEEEexample:conf_typical,
%   author        = "R. K. Gupta and S. D. Senturia",
%   title         = "Pull-in Time Dynamics as a Measure of Absolute Pressure",
%   booktitle     = "Proc. {IEEE} International Workshop on
%                   Microelectromechanical Systems ({MEMS}'97)",
%   address       = "Nagoya, Japan",
%   month         = jan,
%   year          = "1997",
%   pages         = "290-294"
% };


% % a book
% % From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics",
% % page 1466, reference #4.
% @book{IEEEexample:book_typical,
%   author        = "B. D. Cullity",
%   title         = "Introduction to Magnetic Materials",
%   publisher     = "Addison-Wesley",
%   address       = "Reading, MA",
%   year          = "1972"
% };




% % Other examples

% % journal article with large page numbers, IEEE will divide numbers 5 digits
% % or longer into groups of three with small spaces between them. Page ranges
% % can be separated via either "-" or "--", IEEEtran.bst will automatically
% % convert the separator dash(es) to "--".
% % Authors and/or IEEE do not always provide/use the journal number, but it
% % was used in this case. IEEEtran.bst can be configured to ignore journal
% % numbers if desired.
% % From the August 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
% % page 1039, reference #11.
% @article{IEEEexample:articlelargepages,
%   author        = "A. Castaldini and A. Cavallini and B. Fraboni
%                   and P. Fernandez and J. Piqueras",
%   title         = "Midgap Traps Related to Compensation Processes in
%                   {CdTe} Alloys",
%   journal       = "Phys. Rev. B.",
%   volume        = "56",
%   number        = "23",
%   year          = "1997",
%   pages         = "14897-14900"
% };


% % journal article with dual months
% % use the BibTeX "#" concatenation operator
% % From the March 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics",
% % page 21, reference #8.
% @article{IEEEexample:articledualmonths,
%   author        = "Y. Okada and K. Dejima and T. Ohishi",
%   title         = "Analysis and Comparison of {PM} Synchronous Motor and
%                   Induction Motor Type Magnetic Bearings",
%   journal       = IEEE_J_IA,
%   volume        = "31",
%   month         = sep # "/" # oct,
%   year          = "1995",
%   pages         = "1047-1053"
% };


% % journal article to be published as a misc entry type
% % date information like month and year is optional
% % However, the article form like that below may be a better approach.
% % From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in
% % Communication", page 725, reference #3.
% @misc{IEEEexample:TBPmisc,
%   author        = "M. Coates and A. Hero and R. Nowak and B. Yu",
%   title         = "Internet Tomography",
%   howpublished  = IEEE_M_SP,
%   month         = may,
%   year          = "2002",
%   note          = "to be published"
% };


% % journal article to be published as an article entry type
% % year is required, so if absent, use the year field to hold
% % the "submitted for publication" in order to avoid a warning for
% % the missing year field.
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
% % page 1461, reference #21.
% @article{IEEEexample:TBParticle,
%   author        = "N. Kahale and R. Urbanke",
%   title         = "On the Minimum Distance of Parallel and Serially
%                   Concatenated Codes",
%   journal       = IEEE_J_IT,
%   year          = "submitted for publication"
% };





% % book with editor and no author
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
% % page 1725, reference #1.
% @book{IEEEexample:bookwitheditor,
%   editor        = "J. C. Candy and G. C. Temes",
%   title         = "Oversampling Delta-Sigma Data Converters Theory,
%                   Design and Simulation",
%   publisher     = "{IEEE} Press.",
%   address       = "New York",
%   year          = "1992"
% };


% % book with edition, author and editor
% % Note that the standard BibTeX styles do not support book entries with both
% % author and editor fields, but IEEEtran.bst does.
% % The standard BibTeX way of specifying the edition is to use capitalized
% % ordinal words such as "First", "Second", etc. Most .bst files can convert
% % up to about "Fifth" into the format needed. IEEEtran.bst can convert up
% % to "Tenth" to the "Arabic ordinal" form IEEE uses (e.g., "10th"). For
% % editions over the tenth, it is best to use the "Arabic ordinal" form for
% % IEEE related work (e.g., "101st")
% % Note how "Jr." has to be entered.
% % From the May 2002 issue of "Journal of Lightwave Technology", page 856,
% % reference #17.
% @book{IEEEexample:book,
%   author        = "S. M. Metev and V. P. Veiko",
%   editor        = "Osgood, Jr., R. M.",
%   title         = "Laser Assisted Microtechnology",
%   edition       = "Second",
%   publisher     = "Springer-Verlag",
%   address       = "Berlin, Germany",
%   year          = "1998"
% };


% % book with series and volume
% % From the January 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 11, reference #31.
% @book{IEEEexample:bookwithseriesvolume,
%   editor        = "J. Breckling",
%   title         = "The Analysis of Directional Time Series: Applications to
%                   Wind Speed and Direction",
%   series        = "Lecture Notes in Statistics",
%   publisher     = "Springer",
%   address       = "Berlin, Germany",
%   year          = "1989",
%   volume        = "61"
% };


% % inbook with chapter number. The pages field could also have been given.
% % The chapter number could be changed to something else such as a section
% % number via the type field: type = "sec.".
% % From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems---I:
% % Fundamental Applications and Theory", page 638, reference #22.
% @inbook{IEEEexample:inbook,
%   author        = "H. E. Rose",
%   title         = "A Course in Number Theory",
%   publisher     = "Oxford Univ. Press",
%   address       = "New York, NY",
%   year          = "1988",
%   chapter       = "3"
% };


% % inbook with pages and note. The language field is not set to Russian
% % because the title is presented here in its translated, English, form.
% % From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics", page 1533,
% % reference #5.
% @inbook{IEEEexample:inbookpagesnote,
%   author        = "B. K. Bul",
%   title         = "Theory Principles and Design of Magnetic Circuits",
%   publisher     = "Energia Press",
%   address       = "Moscow",
%   year          = "1964",
%   pages         = "464",
%   note          = "(in Russian)"
% };





% % incollection with author and editor
% % From the May 2002 issue of "Journal of Lightwave Technology",
% % page 807, reference #7.
% @incollection{IEEEexample:incollection,
%   author        = "W. V. Sorin",
%   editor        = "D. Derickson",
%   title         = "Optical Reflectometry for Component Characterization",
%   booktitle     = "Fiber Optic Test and Measurement",
%   publisher     = "Prentice-Hall",
%   address       = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
%   year          = "1998"
% };


% % incollection with series
% % From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communication",
% % page 609, reference #3.
% @incollection{IEEEexample:incollectionwithseries,
%   author        = "J. B. Anderson and K. Tepe",
%   title         = "Properties of the Tailbiting {BCJR} Decoder",
%   booktitle     = "Codes, Systems and Graphical Models",
%   series        = "{IMA} Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications",
%   publisher     = "Springer-Verlag",
%   address       = "New York",
%   year          = "2000"

% };


% % incollection with author, editor, chapter and pages
% % From the January 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 16, reference #9.
% @incollection{IEEEexample:incollection_chpp,
%   author        = "P. Hedelin and P. Knagenhjelm and M. Skoglund",
%   editor        = "W. B. Kleijn and K. K. Paliwal",
%   title         = "Theory for Transmission of Vector Quantization Data",
%   booktitle     = "Speech Coding and Synthesis",
%   publisher     = "Elsevier Science",
%   address       = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
%   year          = "1995",
%   chapter       = "10",
%   pages         = "347-396"
% };


% % incollection with a large number of authors, some authors/journals will
% % use et al. for so many names. IEEEtran.bst can be configured to do this
% % if desired, or "R. M. A. Dawson and others" can be used instead.
% % Note that IEEE may not include the publisher for incollection entries -
% % IEEEtran.bst will not issue a warning if the publisher is missing for
% % incollections - but other .bst files often will.
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices",
% % page 996, reference #12.
% @incollection{IEEEexample:incollectionmanyauthors,
%   author        = "R. M. A. Dawson and Z. Shen and D. A. Furst and
%                   S. Connor and J. Hsu and M. G. Kane and R. G. Stewart and
%                   A. Ipri and C. N. King and P. J. Green and R. T. Flegal
%                   and S. Pearson and W. A. Barrow and E. Dickey and K. Ping
%                   and C. W. Tang and S. Van. Slyke and
%                   F. Chen and J. Shi and J. C. Sturm and M. H. Lu",
%   title         = "Design of an Improved Pixel for a Polysilicon
%                   Active-Matrix Organic {LED} Display",
%   booktitle     = "{SID} Tech. Dig.",
%   volume        = "29",
%   year          = "1998",
%   pages         = "11-14"
% };





% % A Motorola data book as a manual
% % It is somewhat unusual to include the data book part number.
% % in the title. It might be more correct to put this information
% % in the howpublished field instead.
% % From the December 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 1986, reference #10.
% @manual{IEEEexample:motmanual,
%   title         = "{FLEXChip} Signal Processor ({MC68175/D})",
%   organization  = "Motorola",
%   year          = "1996"
% };

% % same reference, but using IEEEtran's howpublished extension
% @manual{IEEEexample:motmanualhowpub,
%   title         = "{FLEXChip} Signal Processor",
%   howpublished  = "{MC68175/D}",
%   organization  = "Motorola",
%   year          = "1996"
% };




% % conference paper with an address and days. Some journals capitalize the
% % letters in "Globecom", this one did not.
% % From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 697, reference #12.
% @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithadddays,
%   author        = "M. S. Yee and L. Hanzo",
%   title         = "Radial Basis Function Decision Feedback Equaliser
%                   Assisted Burst-by-burst Adaptive Modulation",
%   booktitle     = "Proc. {IEEE} Globecom '99",
%   address       = "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
%   month         = dec # " 5--9,",
%   year          = "1999",
%   pages         = "2183-2187"
% };


% % conference paper with volume number. A conference proceedings with a vol
% % number is a little uncommon, note that the vol number is placed
% % before the address in the formatted bibliography entry
% % From the April 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 181, reference #26.
% @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithvolume,
%   author        = "M. Yajnik and S. B. Moon and J. Kurose and D. Towsley",
%   title         = "Measurement and Modeling of the Temporal Dependence in
%                   Packet Loss",
%   booktitle     = "Proc. {IEEE} {INFOCOM}'99",
%   volume        = "1",
%   address       = "New York, NY",
%   month         = mar,
%   year          = "1999",
%   pages         = "345-352"
% };


% % conference paper with a paper number, the type field can be used to
% % override the word "paper", e.g., type = "postdeadline paper". A type
% % can be given even without a paper  field.
% % Also, IEEEtran.bst can be configured to ignore paper numbers and types.
% % From the May 2002 issue of "Journal of Lightwave Technology",
% % page 807, reference #4.
% @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithpaper,
%   author        = "M. Wegmuller and J. P. von der Weid and P. Oberson
%                   and N. Gisin",
%   title         = "High Resolution Fiber Distributed Measurements With
%                   Coherent {OFDR}",
%   booktitle     = "Proc. {ECOC}'00",
%   year          = "2000",
%   paper         = "11.3.4",
%   pages         = "109"
% };


% % conference paper with a postdeadline type paper, the paper field is
% % optional.
% % From the August 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
% % page 1087, reference #12.
% @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithpapertype,
%   author        = "B. Mikkelsen and G. Raybon and R.-J. Essiambre and
%                   K. Dreyer and Y. Su. and L. E. Nelson and J. E. Johnson
%                   and G. Shtengel and A. Bond and D. G. Moodie and
%                   A. D. Ellis",
%   title         = "160 {Gbit/s} Single-channel Transmission Over 300 km
%                   Nonzero-dispersion Fiber With Semiconductor Based
%                   Transmitter and Demultiplexer",
%   booktitle     = "Proc. {ECOC}'99",
%   year          = "1999",
%   paper         = "2-3",
%   type          = "postdeadline paper",
%   pages         = "28-29"
% };


% % presented at a conference
% % intype overrides the default "in" and causes the booktitle not to be
% % emphasized (rendered in italics).
% % From the February 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 163, reference #6.
% @inproceedings{IEEEexample:presentedatconf,
%   author        = "S. G. Finn and M. M{\'e}dard and R. A. Barry",
%   title         = "A Novel Approach to Automatic Protection Switching
%                   Using Trees",
%   intype        = "presented at the",
%   booktitle     = "Proc. Int. Conf. Commun.",
%   year          = "1997"
% };





% % master's thesis, often the University name will be abbreviated and the
% % state or country will be included in the address. The type field can
% % used to override the default type "Master's thesis"
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Microelectromechanical
% % Systems", page 186, reference #11.
% @mastersthesis{IEEEexample:masters,
%   author        = "Nin C. Loh",
%   title         = "High-Resolution Micromachined Interferometric
%                   Accelerometer",
%   school        = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
%   address       = "Cambridge",
%   year          = "1992"
% };


% % master's thesis with a type field
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 391, reference #12.
% @mastersthesis{IEEEexample:masterstype,
%   author        = "A. Karnik",
%   title         = "Performance of {TCP} Congestion Control with Rate
%                   Feedback: {TCP/ABR} and Rate Adaptive {TCP/IP}",
%   school        = "Indian Institute of Science",
%   type          = "M. Eng. thesis",
%   address       = "Bangalore, India",
%   month         = jan,
%   year          = "1999"
% };





% % Ph.D. dissertation with a URL field, the university is abbreviated
% % From the October 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 590, reference #11.
% @phdthesis{IEEEexample:phdurl,
%   author        = "Q. Li",
%   title         = "Delay Characterization and Performance Control of
%                   Wide-area Networks",
%   school        = "Univ. of Delaware",
%   address       = "Newark",
%   month         = may,
%   year          = "2000",
%   url           = "http://www.ece.udel.edu/~qli"
% };





% % technical report
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 490, reference #15.
% @techreport{IEEEexample:techrep,
%   author        = "R. Jain and K. K. Ramakrishnan and D. M. Chiu",
%   title         = "Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks with a
%                   Connectionless Network Layer",
%   institution   = "Digital Equipment Corporation",
%   address       = "MA",
%   number        = "DEC-TR-506",
%   month         = aug,
%   year          = "1987"
% };


% % technical report with type
% % for those times when "Tech. Rep." needs to be modified
% % From the February 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 46, reference #8.
% @techreport{IEEEexample:techreptype,
%   author        = "J. Padhye and V. Firoiu and D. Towsley",
%   title         = "A Stochastic Model of {TCP} {R}eno Congestion Avoidance
%                   and Control",
%   institution   = "Univ. of Massachusetts",
%   address       = "Amherst, MA",
%   type          = "CMPSCI Tech. Rep.",
%   number        = "99-02",
%   year          = "1999"
% };


% % technical report with type
% % for those times when "Tech. Rep." needs to be modified
% % This reference did not have an address.
% % From the January 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 117, reference #6.
% @techreport{IEEEexample:techreptypeii,
%   author        = "D. Middleton and A. D. Spaulding",
%   title         = "A Tutorial Review of Elements of Weak Signal Detection
%                   in Non-{G}aussian {EMI} Environments",
%   institution   = "National Telecommunications and Information
%                   Administration ({NTIA}), U.S. Dept. of Commerce",
%   type          = "NTIA Report",
%   number        = "86-194",
%   month         = may,
%   year          = "1986"
% };





% % an unpublished work
% % for unpublished types, the note field is required. IEEE usually
% % just uses the word "unpublished" for the note.
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 391, reference #16.
% @unpublished{IEEEexample:unpublished,
%   author        = "T. J. Ott and N. Aggarwal",
%   title         = "{TCP} over {ATM}: {ABR} or {UBR}",
%   note          = "Unpublished"
% };





% % electronic with a howpublished information field
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 391, reference #7.
% @electronic{IEEEexample:electronhowinfo,
%   author        = "V. Jacobson",
%   title         = "Modified {TCP} Congestion Avoidance Algorithm",
%   howpublished  = "end2end-interest mailing list",
%   url           = "ftp://ftp.isi.edu/end2end/end2end-interest-1990.mail",
%   month         = apr,
%   year          = "1990"
% };


% % electronic with a howpublished information field
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 418, reference #31.
% @electronic{IEEEexample:electronhowinfo2,
%   author        = "V. Valloppillil and K. W. Ross",
%   title         = "Cache Array Routing Protocol v1.1",
%   howpublished  = "Internet draft",
%   url           = "http://ds1.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-vinod-carp-v1-03.txt",
%   year          = "1998"
% };


% % electronic with an organization and address
% % From the February 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 114, reference #15.
% @electronic{IEEEexample:electronorgadd,
%   author        = "D. H. Lorenz and A. Orda",
%   title         = "Optimal Partition of {QoS} Requirements on Unicast
%                   Paths and Multicast Trees",
%   organization  = "Dept. Elect. Eng., Technion",
%   address       = "Haifa, Israel",
%   url           = "ftp://ftp.technion.ac.il/pub/supported/ee/Network/lor.mopq98.ps",
%   month         = jul,
%   year          = "1998"
% };





% % U.S. patent
% % Use the type field to override the patent type. e.g.,
% % type = "Patent Application"
% % The address is that of the assignee. Note that IEEE does not
% % display the assignee, the address, and only displays one date.
% % (if year is not present, the filed dates are used.) However, this
% % information should be entered as other BibTeX styles may use it.
% % alternatively, nationality could be entered as "U.S."
% % From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 542, reference #6.
% @patent{IEEEexample:uspat,
%   author        = "Ronald E. Sorace and Victor S. Reinhardt and
%                   Steven A. Vaughn",
%   assignee      = "Hughes Aircraft Company",
%   address       = "Los Angeles, CA",
%   title         = "High-Speed Digital-to-{RF} Converter",
%   nationality   = "United States",
%   number        = "5668842",
%   dayfiled      = "28",
%   monthfiled    = feb,
%   yearfiled     = "1995",
%   day           = "16",
%   month         = sep,
%   year          = "1997"
% };


% % Japanese Patent
% % From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 556, reference #6.
% @patent{IEEEexample:jppat,
%   author        = "U. Hideki",
%   title         = "Quadrature Modulation Circuit",
%   nationality   = "Japanese",
%   number        = "152932/92",
%   day           = "20",
%   month         = may,
%   year          = "1992"
% };


% % French Patent request, the language field must be entered in lower case
% % as this is the option name Babel uses. The nationality field needs to be
% % capitalized. Because this is a patent request, the date filed fields are
% % used while the date fields are left empty/missing. In other countries,
% % the words "Patent Application", etc. are used instead.
% % From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
% % page 556, reference #9.
% @patent{IEEEexample:frenchpatreq,
%   author        = "F. Kowalik and M. Isard",
%   title         = "Estimateur d'un D{\'e}faut de Fonctionnement
%                   d'un Modulateur en Quadrature et {\'E}tage de Modulation
%                   l'Utilisant",
%   language      = "french",
%   nationality   = "French",
%   type          = "Patent Request",
%   number        = "9500261",
%   dayfiled      = "11",
%   monthfiled    = jan,
%   yearfiled     = "1995"
% };





% % a periodical
% % From the April 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 160, reference #1.
% % sort key is needed for sorting styles
% @periodical{IEEEexample:periodical,
%   title         = IEEE_M_PCOM # ", Special Issue on Wireless {ATM}",
%   volume        = "3",
%   month         = aug,
%   year          = "1996",
%   key           = "IEEE"
% };





% % standard, IEEE does not use the address for standards, but it is good
% % to provide one for BibTeX styles that use it.
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 451, reference #2.
% @standard{IEEEexample:standard,
%   title         = "Wireless {LAN} Medium Access Control {(MAC)} and
%                   Physical Layer {(PHY)} Specification",
%   organization  = "IEEE",
%   address       = "Piscataway, NJ",
%   number        = "802.11",
%   year          = "1997"
% };


% % standard with type and revision, the type overrides the word standard
% % (or std.). Here a standard number is not available and a revision number
% % is used.
% % From the August 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
% % page 1048, reference #13.
% @standard{IEEEexample:standardproposed,
%   title         = "Fiber Channel Physical Interface ({FC-PI})",
%   institution   = "NCITS",
%   address       = "Washington, DC",
%   type          = "Working Draft Proposed Standard",
%   revision      = "5.2",
%   year          = "1999"
% };


% % standard draft as a misc with author
% % From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in
% % Communication", page 725, reference #16.
% @misc{IEEEexample:draftasmisc,
%   author        = "I. Widjaja and A. Elwalid",
%   title         = "{MATE}: {MPLS} Adaptive Traffic Engineering",
%   howpublished  = "IETF Draft",
%   year          = "1999"
% };





% % misc for a techreport like reference
% % techreport is not perfectly suitable because this entry lacks
% % an institution field
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 490, reference #22.
% @misc{IEEEexample:miscforum,
%   author        = "L. Roberts",
%   title         = "Enhanced Proportional Rate Control Algorithm {PRCA}",
%   howpublished  = "{ATM} Forum Contribution 94-0735R1",
%   month         = aug,
%   year          = "1994"
% };


% % misc for a white paper
% % From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 478, reference #4 - Note that the reference there (improperly?)
% % used the author field for "Cisco".
% @misc{IEEEexample:whitepaper,
%   title         = "Advanced {QoS} Services for the Intelligent Internet",
%   howpublished  = "White Paper",
%   organization  = "Cisco",
%   month         = may,
%   year          = "1997"
% };


% % misc for a data sheet
% % From the November 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
% % page 1551, reference #6.
% @misc{IEEEexample:datasheet,
%   title         = "{PDCA12-70} data sheet",
%   organization  = "Opto Speed SA",
%   address       = "Mezzovico, Switzerland"
% };





% % Other unusual references

% % a private communication as a misc entry type
% % sometimes the designation "personal communication" is used instead
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
% % page 1725, reference #16.
% @misc{IEEEexample:private,
%   author        = "S. Konyagin",
%   howpublished  = "private communication",
%   year          = "1998"
% };


% % an internet request for comments (RFC) as a misc entry type
% % It would also be nice to add a URL to these types of things.
% % RFCs can also be handled as electronic references.
% % From the April 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
% % page 181, reference #14.
% @misc{IEEEexample:miscrfc,
%   author        = "K. K. Ramakrishnan and S. Floyd",
%   title         = "A Proposal to Add Explicit Congestion
%                   Notification ({ECN}) to {IP}",
%   howpublished  = "RFC 2481",
%   month         = jan,
%   year          = "1999"
% };


% % misc for a German regulation
% % In German, the first letters of nouns are capitalized, so we do so here.
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Journal in Selected Areas in
% % Communication", page 892, reference #9.
% @misc{IEEEexample:miscgermanreg,
%   title         = "{M}essung von {S}t{\"o}rfeldern an {A}nlagen
%                   und {L}eitungen der {T}elekommunikation im
%                   {F}requenzbereich 9 {kHz} bis 3 {GHz}",
%   language      = "german",
%   howpublished  = "{M}e{\ss}vorschrift {R}eg {TP} {MV} 05",
%   organization  = "Regulierungsbeh{\"o}rde f{\"u}r {T}elekommunikation und
%                   {P}ost ({R}eg {TP})"
% };



% % Ways to handle things like CCSDS's Blue Books
% % journal article with a URL. However, this is not a very good approach
% % because the Blue Books are not really journals and the author field has
% % to be abused.
% % From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
% % page 1461, reference #7.
% @article{IEEEexample:bluebookarticle,
%   author        = "{Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)}",
%   title         = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
%   journal       = "Blue Book",
%   number        = "4",
%   year          = "1999",
%   url           = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
% };


% % CCSDS's Blue Book handled as a book
% % However, it is not a good idea to have to use the author field for
% % an organization (done here because the book entry type requires an
% % author field).
% @book{IEEEexample:bluebookbook,
%   author        = "{Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)}",
%   title         = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
%   series        = "Blue Book",
%   number        = "4",
%   publisher     = "CCSDS",
%   address       = "Newport Beach, CA",
%   year          = "1999",
%   url           = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
% };

% % CCSDS's Blue Book handled as a manual
% % This is a much better approach, but uses the howpublished field.
% @manual{IEEEexample:bluebookmanual,
%   title         = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
%   howpublished  = "ser. Blue Book, No. 4",
%   organization  = "Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)",
%   address       = "Newport Beach, CA",
%   year          = "1999",
%   url           = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
% };



% % CCSDS's Blue Book handled as a standard
% % Probably the best approach for this particular case because the work
% % is standard related. Note that IEEE does not display the address for
% % standards.
% @standard{IEEEexample:bluebookstandard,
%   title         = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
%   howpublished  = "ser. Blue Book, No. 4",
%   organization  = "Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)",
%   address       = "Newport Beach, CA",
%   type          = "Recommendation for Space Data System Standard",
%   number        = "101.0-B-4",
%   month         = May,
%   year          = "1999",
%   url           = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
% };






% % An example of a IEEEtran control entry which can change some IEEEtran.bst
% % settings. An entry like this must be cited via \bstctlcite{} command
% % before the first real \cite{}. The same entry key cannot be called twice
% % (just like multiple \cite{} of the same entry key place only one entry
% % in the bibliography.)
% % The available control fields are:
% %
% % CTLuse_article_number
% % "no" turns off the display of the number for articles.
% % "yes" enables
% %
% % CTLuse_paper
% % "no" turns off the display of the paper and type fields in inproceedings.
% % "yes" enables
% %
% % CTLuse_forced_etal
% % "no" turns off the forced use of "et al."
% % "yes" enables
% %
% % CTLmax_names_forced_etal
% % The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
% % usage is forced. Be sure that CTLnames_show_etal (below)
% % is not greater than this value!
% %
% % CTLnames_show_etal
% % The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
% % Must be less than or equal to CTLmax_names_forced_etal
% %
% % CTLuse_alt_spacing
% % "no" turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
% % "yes" enables
% %
% % CTLalt_stretch_factor
% % If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
% % the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
% % default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
% % stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer.
% %
% % CTLdash_repeated_names
% % "no" turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
% % of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
% % "yes" enables
% %
% % CTLname_format_string
% % The name format control string as explained in the BibTeX style hacking
% % guide.
% % IEEE style "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" is the default,
% %
% % CTL_name_latex_cmd
% % A LaTeX command that each name will be fed to (e.g., "\textsc").
% % Leave empty if no special font is desired for the names.
% % The default is empty.
% %
% % Those fields that are not to be changed can be left out or empty.
% @IEEEtranBSTCTL{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol,
%   CTLuse_article_number     = "yes",
%   CTLuse_paper              = "yes",
%   CTLuse_forced_etal        = "no",
%   CTLmax_names_forced_etal  = "10",
%   CTLnames_show_etal        = "1",
%   CTLuse_alt_spacing        = "yes",
%   CTLalt_stretch_factor     = "4",
%   CTLdash_repeated_names    = "yes",
%   CTLname_format_string     = "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}",
%   CTLname_latex_cmd         = ""
% };



