Cancer is a multifaceted global health issue that causes approximately ten million deaths annually, making it one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Current therapies, particularly chemotherapy, often suffer from a lack of selectivity, necessitating the development of novel anticancer strategies. Recent years have seen the emergence of targeted drug delivery approaches, leveraging targeting mechanisms to enhance specificity towards tumor sites. These approaches can be further combined with gene therapy to create systems that selectively deliver nucleic acids to target tumor cells as innovative anticancer therapeutic strategies. One of the main advantages of delivering nucleic acids rather than chemotherapeutic drugs lies in their ability to overcome the issue of drug resistance, a crucial aspect in current therapies.