



\newpage
\section{Palermo}
\label{sec:Palermo}
A distinctive city surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, presenting a scenario for a temperate European city with hot summers.
We selected Palermo for its temperate climate, contrasting with the cold climate of \cref{sec:Oslo} Oslo and similar to \cref{sec:Rome} Rome.

\subsection{Climate}
\subsubsection{Latitude: 38°}
Palermo, located in the lower-latitude region of Italy at approximately 38 degrees, encounters a climate shaped by its moderate latitude and Mediterranean surroundings.

\subsubsection{Classification: \textbf{Cfa} - Temperate, No Dry Season, Hot Summer}
In accordance with the Köppen climate classification, Palermo falls into the Cfa category (3A in \glsxtrshort{ASHRAE}), signifying "Temperate, No Dry Season, Hot Summer." The impact of its latitude and the Mediterranean environment contributes significantly to Palermo's climate.

\subsubsection{Basic climate graphics}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/PMV/PMV_PALERMO_B.png}
	\caption[Palermo: the comfort metric of PMV]{Palermo: the comfort metric of PMV. }
	\label{Palermo: the comfort metric of PMV}
    \hfill
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/WindRose/WR_Palermo.png}
	\caption[Palermo: wind rose]{Palermo: wind rose}
	\label{Palermo: wind rose}
    \hfill
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/cities/Standard/PALERMO.png}
	\caption{Palermo: original KPI}
	\label{Palermo: original KPI}
    \hfill
\end{figure}







\subsubsection{General Description}
In Palermo's unique climate, characterized by its island identity and proximity to the Mediterranean, the city showcases a distinctive blend of influences. Surrounded by the azure waters of the Mediterranean Sea, Palermo benefits from the moderating effect of the sea, leading to milder temperature fluctuations.
Being an island city, Palermo experiences a certain climatic stability, with the Mediterranean Sea acting as a thermal regulator, providing warmth in winter and cooling breezes in summer. This island identity, coupled with its temperate climate, results in a harmonious balance conducive to comfortable living.
The interplay between land and sea in Palermo's climate contributes to the city's vibrant energy. During the summer, the sea exerts a tempering influence, preventing extreme heat, while in winter, it retains warmth, preventing harsh cold. This delicate dance of nature not only defines Palermo's climate but also influences architectural and lifestyle choices, emphasizing the seamless integration of the city with its natural surroundings.
Palermo's daylight characteristics, influenced by its latitude and maritime setting, contribute to a pleasant and well-lit environment. The extended daylight hours during summer, combined with the city's cultural and architectural richness, create a unique ambiance. The Mediterranean allure enhances the \glsxtrshort{DA}, making it an inherent and advantageous feature for sustainable and energy-efficient building designs in Palermo.


\newpage
\subsection{Chromosome matrix display}
\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Palermo/S1_palermo_GEN.100.png}
	\caption{Palermo.\glsxtrshort{Gen}99}
	\label{fig:Palermo.Gen.99}
    \hfill
\end{table}

\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Palermo/S1_palermo_GEN.000.png}
	\caption{Palermo.\glsxtrshort{Gen}00}
	\label{fig:Palermo.Gen.00}
    \hfill
\end{table}


\subsection{Genotype Analysis}

\paragraph{Insulations}
In Palermo, insulation thickness for external walls ranges from 6 to 39 cm, with an average of approximately 25.95 cm. Roof insulation varies between 4 and 40 cm, averaging around 20.85 cm. Floor insulation ranges from 3 to 27 cm, with an average of 12.55 cm.

Generally speaking, the thicknesses of insulations are extreme in Palermo, whether it's at the highest or at the lowest, not a intermediate group is detected all of the 3 insulations. And the exterior wall prefers more the thickest insulation(around 38cm), just 4 solutions are at around 10cm. The roof and floor are 50 to 50, half are at the thickest and the other lowest.

\paragraph{Glass Types}
Palermo's preference for glass types varies, with a significant number favoring type 5.

\paragraph{Louvers Count}
Louvers count varies from 0, 1, 2, 6, 9. The majority of individuals have a louvers count of 1, and there is a smaller cluster that's 6 and 9.

\paragraph{Window-Wall-Ratio}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textit{\glsxtrshort{WWR} South:} The Window-Wall-Ratio on the south facade varies across individuals, ranging from 8\% to 90\%. The distribution reveals three clusters, with the majority falling into Low ratio (8\%-41\%), followed by Medium ratio (44\%-52\%), and a smaller group in High ratio (72\%-90\%). On average, the WWR\_S is approximately 50.75\%.
\item \textit{\glsxtrshort{WWR} North:} For the north facade, \glsxtrshort{WWR} values show a wider distribution. The clusters are more evenly spread, with most of individuals in Low ratio (around 10\%) and Medium ratio (around 26\%), and 6 solutions are in High ratio (around 74\%). The average WWR\_N is approximately 32.7\%.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Delta Temperature}
The distribution of delta temperatures shows a diverse range, with values ranging from -0.9 to 0.7°C. And the majority is in negative numbers, which is uncommon but like Roma.

\subsection{Phenotype Analysis}

\paragraph{Fitness Values}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Energy Intensity:} The algorithm effectively optimizes the energy part, with values ranging from 36524 to 41425 kWh/year.
  \item \textbf{Percentage of People Dissatisfied:} \glsxtrshort{PPD} values range from 15.6\% to 29.3\%, with a cluster around 16.6\%, 17\%, and 18.3\%.
  \item \textbf{Cost:} In terms of cost, values range from 83088 to 199483 € in the end game.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Energy Performance}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Cooling:} In Palermo, cooling consumption ranges from 9337 to 15818 kWh/year, correlating with the glass type if the \glsxtrshort{WWR} is high just as Roma's \cref{sec:Rome}.
  \item \textbf{Heating:} Heating is crucial in Palermo, constituting a significant portion of energy consumption. Values range from 189 to 1380 kWh/year, which just plays a small role.
  \item \textbf{Controlled Natural Ventilation:} This value shows that even the delta number is below 0, it can still bring out the heat from indoor via the operable windows.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Continuous Daylight Autonomy}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{\glsxtrshort{cDA}} The \glsxtrshort{cDA} values are distributed around 4\%, 20\%, and 76\%. The average \glsxtrshort{cDA} for the south facade is approximately 46.6\%.
\end{itemize}

This consolidated analysis provides a comprehensive overview of both genotype and phenotype aspects in Palermo. If you have further instructions or adjustments, feel free to let me know!
