



\newpage
\section{Torino}
\label{sec:Torino}
A typical city located in a scenario for a Mediterranean climate.
We choose it for its warm temperate climate. Also compare to \cref{sec:Oslo} Oslo that has a different climate.

\subsection{Climate}
\subsubsection{Latitude: 45°}
Torino, positioned near the 45th parallel, experiences a temperate climate influenced by its location and Mediterranean conditions.

\subsubsection{Classification: \textbf{Cfa} - Temperate, No Dry Season, Hot Summer}
According to the Köppen climate classification, Torino falls under the Cfa category (4A in\glsxtrshort{ASHRAE}), representing "Temperate, No Dry Season, Hot Summer." The Mediterranean climate characteristics significantly shape Torino's weather patterns.



\subsubsection{General Description (in 2020s)}
In Torino's Mediterranean climate, summers are characterized by hot temperatures averaging between 25-30 degrees Celsius. The absence of a dry season ensures relatively consistent precipitation throughout the year, fostering lush greenery and vibrant landscapes. Winters in Torino remain mild, with temperatures hovering around 0-5 degrees Celsius, influenced by the moderating effect of the Mediterranean Sea.

The city's proximity to the Alps creates a unique microclimate, offering protection from extreme weather while also impacting local wind patterns. This interplay between the Mediterranean climate and the Alpine terrain enriches Torino's weather dynamics, contributing to its diverse and inviting atmosphere.


\subsubsection{Basic climate graphics (in 2020s)}
\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/cities/Standard/Torino.png}
	\caption{Torino: original KPI}
	\label{Torino: original KPI}
	\hfill
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/PMV/PMV_Torino_B.png}
	\caption[Torino: the comfort metric of PMV]{Torino: the comfort metric of PMV. }
	\label{Torino: the comfort metric of PMV}
	\hfill
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/WindRose/WR_Torino.png}
	\caption[Torino: wind rose]{Torino: wind rose}
	\label{Torino: wind rose}
	\hfill
\end{figure}


\subsubsection{General Description (in 2050s)}
From the comparison between the graphics from 2020s and 2050s. We can find that, because of the global warming, the average temperature rises. In the wind roses, we can see that during the summer time, the air in wind becomes slightly hotter and the its speed increases.

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But a part from that, the general climate situation of future Torino is pretty similar to present days.
%\newpage

\subsubsection{Basic climate graphics (in 2050s)}

\begin{figure}[h]

	\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=0.1\textheight]{images/cities/Standard/Torino_f.png}
	\caption{Future Torino: original KPI}
	\label{Torino_f: original KPI}
	\end{minipage}
	\vspace{0.2cm}
	\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=0.3\textheight]{images/Climate & Map/PMV/PMV_Torino_F_B.png}
	\caption[Future Torino: the comfort metric of PMV]{Future Torino: the comfort metric of PMV.}
	\label{Torino_f: the comfort metric of PMV}
	\end{minipage}
	\vspace{0.2cm}
	\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,height=0.4\textheight]{images/Climate & Map/WindRose/WR_Torino_F.png}
	\caption[Future Torino: wind rose]{Future Torino: wind rose}
	\label{Torino_f: wind rose}
	\end{minipage}


\end{figure}





\newpage
\subsection{Chromosome matrix display}
\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Torino/S2_Torino_GEN.100.png}
	\caption{Torino.\glsxtrshort{Gen}99}
	\label{fig:Torino.Gen.99}
    \hfill
\end{table}

\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Torino/S2_Torino_GEN.000.png}
	\caption{Torino.\glsxtrshort{Gen}00}
	\label{fig:Torino.Gen.00}
    \hfill
\end{table}

\newpage
\subsection{Chromosome matrix display (2050s)}
\begin{table}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Torino_f/S3_Torino_GEN.100.png}
	\caption{Torino.\glsxtrshort{Gen}99}
	\label{fig:Torino_f.Gen.99}
	\hfill
\end{table}

\begin{table}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Torino_f/S3_Torino_GEN.000.png}
	\caption{Torino.\glsxtrshort{Gen}00}
	\label{fig:Torino_f.Gen.00}
	\hfill
\end{table}



\subsection{Analysis of Torino Genotype and Phenotype}

\subsubsection{Genotype Analysis}

\paragraph{Insulations}
Torino shows diverse insulation thicknesses. External wall insulation ranges from 12 to 39 cm, with an average of approximately 24.8 cm. Roof insulation varies between 5 and 13 cm, with an average of 7.85 cm. Floor insulation ranges from 4 to 29 cm, with an average of 16.65 cm.

\paragraph{Glass Types}
There is a mix of glass types, with a notable presence of types 0, 4, and 5.

\paragraph{Louvers Count}
The majority of individuals have no louvers. Few have a louvers count of 1, contributing to a very low average count.

\paragraph{Window-Wall-Ratio}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textit{\glsxtrshort{WWR} South:} The Window-Wall-Ratio for the south facade shows diverse distributions, varying from 8\% to 90\%. There's a concentration in the Low ratio (8\%-32\%) and High ratio (61\%-89\%). On average, the WWR\_S is approximately 49.15\%.
\item \textit{\glsxtrshort{WWR} North:} The north facade's \glsxtrshort{WWR} varies widely, ranging from 8\% to 35\%. There's a mix of Low ratio (8\%-23\%) and Medium ratio (27\%-39\%). The average WWR\_N is approximately 19.9\%.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Delta Temperature}
The delta temperature ranges from -0.3°C to 1.4°C.

\subsubsection{Phenotype Analysis}

\paragraph{Fitness Values}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Energy Intensity:} The algorithm shows energy intensity values ranging from 38176 to 47799 kWh/year.
  \item \textbf{Percentage of People Dissatisfied:} \glsxtrshort{PPD} values range from 59.1\% to 77.4\%, clustered mostly around 60\%-65\%.
  \item \textbf{Cost:} In terms of cost, values range from 93777 to 165042 € in the end game.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Energy Performance}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Cooling:} Cooling consumption ranges from 4649 to 9198 kWh/year.
  \item \textbf{Heating:} Heating consumption values vary from 8163 to 13858 kWh/year.
  \item \textbf{Controlled Natural Ventilation:} The natural ventilation consumption shows diverse values across the dataset.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Continuous Daylight Autonomy}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{\glsxtrshort{cDA} South:} On the south facade, \glsxtrshort{cDA} values vary between 21\% and 75\%, with a considerable presence in the higher range. The average \glsxtrshort{cDA} for the south facade is approximately 59.45\%.
  \item \textbf{\glsxtrshort{cDA} North:} For the north facade, \glsxtrshort{cDA} values vary from 9\% to 39\%, mostly concentrated around 15\%-25\%. The average \glsxtrshort{cDA} for the north facade is approximately 22.95\%.
\end{itemize}

This consolidated analysis offers insights into the genotype and phenotype aspects in Torino. If you need further adjustments or more details, feel free to visit the website shown in appendix!



\subsection{Analysis of Torino Genotype and Phenotype (2050s)}

Actually, the climate difference is minor. Hence, we mainly focus on the how the strategies varies between them. 

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It's surprised that the strategies are quite different. We've observed that there're significant differences on 4 aspects. Firstly, the thick roof is back in 2050. The roof is going into 2 extreme ends, whether stay as thin as it's in 2020s or becomes as thick as possible. On the contrary, for the external wall and floor, they share the same genes. Secondly, more louvers strategy is adapted in specific cases. Thirdly, in south window the gene with extreme high \glsxtrshort{WWR} die out in 2050s. The genes merge into 3 level, \textbf{high} around 50; \textbf{middle} around 30; \textbf{low} around 10. Lastly, in the Delta part, the negative values dominate in 2050s. My personal explanation is there will be more powerful wind in summer. So the hotter wind can bring more comfortableness. In Delta, the biggest difference occurs, all except one are negative.

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And we see their performances. Among 3 Fitness Values, the \glsxtrshort{PPD} becomes better. Obviously, a warmer winter brings us a cosier indoor experience. However, the Energy Consumption and the total cost are all growing larger. That's the number telling us the climate impact!

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