

\newpage
\section{Kiev}
\label{sec:Kiev}

\subsection{Climate}
\subsubsection{Latitude: 50\%}
Kiev, located at approximately 50 degrees latitude, experiences a climate influenced by its moderate-latitude position and continental characteristics.

\subsubsection{Classification: \textbf{Dfb} - Cool, Humid Continental (Warm Summer)}
According to the Köppen climate classification, Kiev's climate falls under the Dfb category, representing "Cool, Humid Continental (Warm Summer)." The climate is characterized by marked seasonal variations.

\subsubsection{Basic climate graphics}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/PMV/PMV_KIEV_B.png}
	\caption[Kiev: the comfort metric of PMV]{Kiev: the comfort metric of PMV. }
	\label{Kiev: the comfort metric of PMV}
    \hfill
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/WindRose/WR_Kiev.png}
	\caption[Kiev: wind rose]{Kiev: wind rose}
	\label{Kiev: wind rose}
    \hfill
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/cities/Standard/KIEV.png}
	\caption{Kiev: original KPI}
	\label{Kiev: original KPI}
    \hfill
\end{figure}





\subsubsection{General Description}
In Kiev's climate, the moderate-latitude position results in distinct seasonal changes. Summers are characterized by warm temperatures, with daytime highs typically ranging between 25-30 degrees Celsius. The increased solar exposure due to the higher solar elevations during summer provides extended daylight hours for outdoor activities and showcases the city's historical and cultural attractions. Conversely, winters in Kiev are cold, with temperatures often dropping to -6 to -2 degrees Celsius. The city experiences shorter daylight hours and increased cloud cover during this season, contributing to a colder and darker atmosphere. Snowfall is common, transforming Kiev into a picturesque winter wonderland. Kiev's climate exhibits notable continental influences, with significant temperature fluctuations between summer and winter. This continental nature results in hot summers and cold winters. Additionally, the city's location on the Dnieper River, its proximity to the Black Sea, and the influence of the Mediterranean region contribute to the moderation of temperature extremes. This maritime influence helps keep Kiev milder during the winter months compared to other continental regions at a similar latitude.


\newpage
\subsection{Chromosome matrix display}
\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=.85\linewidth]{images/cities/Kiev/Kiev_GEN.100.png}
	\caption{Kiev.\glsxtrshort{Gen}99}
	\label{fig:Kiev.Gen.99}
    \hfill
\end{table}

\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/cities/Kiev/Kiev_GEN.000.png}
	\caption{Kiev.\glsxtrshort{Gen}00}
	\label{fig:Kiev.Gen.00}
    \hfill
\end{table}




\subsection{Genotype Analysis}
\subsubsection{Insulations}
The insulation of the roof differs from that of the exterior wall. Floors have a minimal insulation thickness. The thickness of the wall primarily falls into three ranges: 20, 30, and 38 cm, with no exceptions. Roof insulation thickness concentrates in three ranges: 40, 30, and 5 cm, with no exceptions. The thickness of the floor remains around 7 cm, indicating no need for thermal mass. It's worth noting that many solutions exhibit synchronicity between wall and roof insulation, either both at their highest or lowest levels.

\subsubsection{Glass Types}
Glass types are selected within the range of 0 to 5, reflecting diverse glazing choices. High-class glass significantly benefits energy performance.

\subsubsection{Louvers Count}
The louvers' count varies between 0 and a few 4. Louvers with a count of 4 are present in only 2 out of 20 solutions, and they are typically associated with higher-cost luxury solutions.

\subsubsection{Window-Wall-Ratio}
The window-wall ratio for the south facade varies from 6\% to 86\%. The values exhibit significant variability and tend to cluster around 85\%, 55\%, 35\%, and 10\%. The window-wall ratio for the north facade ranges from 6\% to 20\% and falls into two main distribution ranges, with some solutions having high ratios around 18\% and others with low ratios around 7\%. No synchronicity is observed between the two window-wall ratios, and they vary independently.

\subsubsection{Delta Temperature}
Delta temperature values range from -0.2°C to 3°C. Notably, 10 out of 20 solutions have a delta temperature of approximately 0.6°C, while 8 out of 20 have values around 2°C. One solution features a negative delta temperature of -0.2°C, and another has a delta temperature of 0.2°C. Solutions with a delta temperature of around 2°C tend to have lower window-wall ratios.

\subsection{Phenotypes Analysis}
\subsubsection{Fitness Values}
\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{\glsxtrfull{PPD}:} 
\glsxtrshort{PPD} varies from 68\% to 82\%. The optimal \glsxtrshort{PPD} is achieved with large south-facing windows, high-class glazing, and thick insulation. However, increasing the window-to-wall ratio to 77\% reduces \glsxtrshort{PPD} by 5\%. Sunlight is crucial, and maximizing it during winter leads to better \glsxtrshort{PPD}.

\item \textbf{Energy Consumption:}
Energy consumption ranges from 42,000 to 55,000 kWh. Solutions achieving lower energy consumption values (e.g., 42,250 kWh) often employ louvers and maintain a 36\% window-to-wall ratio for the south facade.

\item \textbf{Cost:}
Costs range from 102,000 to 170,000 euros. Economic solutions frequently involve trade-offs between \glsxtrshort{PPD} and energy performance. Solutions balancing the two prioritize maximizing the benefits of sunlight while managing costs. These balance-oriented solutions avoid prison-like room conditions.

\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Energy Performance}
\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Cooling:} 
In Kiev, cooling consumption varies from 3,100 to 7,100 kWh. Large windows with low-class glazing result in higher cooling consumption, while small windows or high-class glazing lead to lower consumption.

\item \textbf{Heating:}
Heating is crucial in Kiev and constitutes over 80\% of energy consumption. The value is inversely proportional to the thickness of insulation, ranging from 14,590 to 21,300 kWh.

\item \textbf{Controlled Natural Ventilation:}
With reduced cooling needs, the importance of natural ventilation also decreases.

\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Continuous Daylight Autonomy}
Kiev's limited sunlight leads to consistently poor solutions, with little room for improvement.

\subsection{Strategy}
In the 99th generation, solutions fall into three main strategies:

\subsubsection{Cost-Oriented Strategy}
This strategy prioritizes cost savings but may not inspire designers as it consistently chooses the cheapest solutions.

\subsubsection{Winter-Oriented Strategy}
Characterized by large window-to-wall ratios, thick insulations, and high-class glazing, this strategy aims to maximize warmth in winter while maintaining low heating consumption.

\subsubsection{Energy-Oriented Strategy}
Solutions following this strategy exhibit superior performance in both cooling and heating. Notably, louvers play a significant role in reducing cooling consumption.

\subsubsection{Balance Strategy}
This strategy strikes a balance across all performance aspects, focusing on priorities such as wall insulation, glazing class, louvers, and window-to-wall ratios, while keeping costs in check.

\subsection{Selection from Human}
Given the high heating demand during winter and abundant sunlight, maximizing the use of winter sunlight is key. The optimal choice is a \glsxtrshort{PPD}-oriented strategy. Solutions within this strategy feature large south-facing windows and the highest class of glazing to ensure the best \glsxtrshort{PPD} during winter.
