


\newpage
\section{Rome}
\label{sec:Rome}
A distinctive city in the southern part of Europe, representing a Mediterranean climate.
It is selected for its mild temperatures, offering a contrast to the colder climates of cities like Oslo and Kiev.

\subsection{Climate}
\subsubsection{Latitude: 41°}
Rome, located at approximately 41 degrees latitude, enjoys a Mediterranean climate characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.

\subsubsection{Classification: \textbf{Cfa}}
According to the Köppen climate classification, Rome's climate falls under the Cfa category (3A in\glsxtrshort{ASHRAE}), representing "Temperate, No dry season, Hot summer." The city experiences long, hot summers and mild, wet winters.

\subsubsection{Basic climate graphics}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/PMV/PMV_ROME_B.png}
	\caption[Roma: the comfort metric of PMV]{Roma: the comfort metric of PMV. }
	\label{Roma: the comfort metric of PMV}
    \hfill
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/Climate & Map/WindRose/WR_Rome.png}
	\caption[Roma: wind rose]{Roma: wind rose}
	\label{Roma: wind rose}
    \hfill
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/cities/Standard/ROME.png}
	\caption{Roma: original KPI}
	\label{Roma: original KPI}
    \hfill
\end{figure}






\subsubsection{General Description}
Rome's climate is marked by its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, influencing its weather patterns. The city enjoys a Mediterranean climate, with mild temperatures, ample sunlight, and moderate rainfall. The Mediterranean Sea acts as a thermal regulator, moderating temperature extremes and contributing to the overall pleasant weather.

In this climate, heating needs are generally low due to mild winter temperatures, rarely dropping below 10 degrees Celsius. Summers, on the other hand, can be hot, with temperatures ranging from 25-35 degrees Celsius. The demand for cooling systems is notable during the summer months, making effective cooling strategies an essential consideration in building design.




\newpage
\subsection{Chromosome matrix display}
\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Roma/S2_Roma_GEN.100.png}
	\caption{Roma.\glsxtrshort{Gen}99}
	\label{fig:Roma.Gen.99}
    \hfill
\end{table}

\begin{table}[h]
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width=.88\linewidth]{images/cities/Roma/S2_Roma_GEN.000.png}
	\caption{Roma.\glsxtrshort{Gen}00}
	\label{fig:Roma.Gen.00}
    \hfill
\end{table}




\subsection{Genotype Analysis}

\paragraph{Insulations}
In Roma, insulation thickness for external walls ranges from 4 to 14 cm, with an average of approximately 8 cm. Roof insulation varies between 3 and 11 cm, averaging around 4.5 cm. Floor insulation is consistently at 3 cm.

Generally speaking all kinds of the insulations stay in the lowest value, no exceptions. We can see within the original 15 generations, the thicker insulations significantly decreases. After the 15 generation, the insulation stays in this "lowest state". Although this can be explained by its hot climate, however, compared to \cref{sec:Palermo}, and the other 2 hotter climtes \cref{sec:Canton,sec:HongKong} this is unique, and it worth a further research.

\paragraph{Glass Types}
Roma's glass types varies. From type 0 to type 5 are all selected in specific solution. Not a dominating type is discovered.

\paragraph{Louvers Count}
Louvers count varies from 0 to 4. The majority of individuals have a louvers count of 0, and there is a smaller cluster around 4.

\paragraph{Window-Wall-Ratio}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textit{\glsxtrshort{WWR} south:}The Window-Wall-Ratio on the south facade varies across individuals, ranging from 32\% to 90\%. The distribution reveals three clusters, with the majority falling into Low ratio (32\%-41\%), followed by Medium ratio (46\%-55\%), and a smaller group in High ratio (81\%-90\%). 
\item \textit{\glsxtrshort{WWR} nouth:}For the north facade, \glsxtrshort{WWR} values show a wider distribution. The clusters are more evenly spread, with individuals in Low ratio (14\%-22\%), Medium ratio (35\%-42\%), and High ratio (88\%-90\%). 
\end{itemize}
To summarize, \glsxtrshort{WWR} are preferred in a large ratio in Roma. Compared to \cref{sec:Palermo}, which the \glsxtrshort{WWR} are also extremely high, the large ratio are preferred among the typical Mediterranean climate. While comparing to the hotter climate \cref{sec:Canton,sec:HongKong}, a middle ratio (around 35\%) are preferred.



\paragraph{Delta Temperature}
The distribution of delta temperatures shows a diverse range, with values ranging from -0.9 to 1.4°C.

\subsection{Phenotype Analysis}

\paragraph{Fitness Values}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Energy Intensity:} The algorithm optimizes the \glsxtrshort{EUI} while making it diversely, the beginning generations are more concentrated. But the absolute value decreases just by 1000 kWh, from the first to last. In the end, it ranges from 37000 to 44000 kWh.
  \item \textbf{Percentage of People Dissatisfied:} Optimizing \glsxtrshort{PPD} effectively drops. \glsxtrshort{PPD} values range from 38.4\% to 59.2\%.
  \item \textbf{Cost:} In terms of cost, values range from 87,123 to 161,179 in the end game. This variation is reasonable, given that different prices lead to different combinations. The final cost is closely related to the south \glsxtrshort{WWR}, especially in Roma, where the cost of glazing is much higher compared to opaque constructions. A larger south \glsxtrshort{WWR} also leads to higher consumption.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Energy Performance}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{Cooling:} In Roma, cooling is not a significant concern, with consumption ranging from 7,020 to 13,431 kWh, correlating with the glass type since all the \glsxtrshort{WWR} are significantly high.
  \item \textbf{Heating:} Heating is crucial in Roma, constituting a significant portion of energy consumption. Values are inversely proportional to insulation thickness, ranging from 3,268 to 6,130 kWh.
  \item \textbf{Controlled Natural Ventilation:} With reduced cooling needs, the importance of natural ventilation also decreases.
  \item \textbf{Fan:} Fan, namely, mechanical ventilation, is highly correlated to the cooling, the vary simultaneously.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Continuous Daylight Autonomy}

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textbf{\glsxtrshort{cDA} South:} On the south facade, \glsxtrshort{cDA} values are distributed around 55\%, 65\%, and 75\%. The average \glsxtrshort{cDA} for the south facade is approximately 63.7\%. Certainly, it's highly correlated to WWR\_North, and even with a lowest WWR\_S (32\%), the \glsxtrshort{cDA} is 56\% considerably good.
  \item \textbf{\glsxtrshort{cDA} North:} Roma's ample sunlight results in homogeneous solutions for \glsxtrshort{cDA} on the north facade, with values distributed around 17\%, 30\%, and 65\%. And certainly, it's highly correlated to WWR\_North.
\end{itemize}

This consolidated analysis provides a comprehensive overview of both genotype and phenotype aspects in Roma. If you have further instructions or adjustments, feel free to let me know!
