High-temperature steam electrolysis represents an efficient and sustainable method for producing hydrogen and can play a pivotal role in the transition toward clean energy sources. However, in the current scale-up to the Gigawatt scale long-term durability of the technology remains to be assessed. In this frame, this thesis focuses on developing a semi-empirical model that describes the degradation mechanisms at stack level. The complex multilayer system based on solid oxide ceramic materials is quite challenging to model at cell, single repeating unit, and at stack level. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to achieve at first a 1D/2D model that describes appropriately the stack behavior.