Sustainability is the state in which human activity is conducted in a manner that maintains the functions of Earth's ecosystems, while preserving the supply of non-replaceable goods and services, and promoting the perpetuation of all life forms. The need for sustainability emerged in response to increasing global environmental risks such as climate change, ozone depletion, biodiversity loss, and nitrogen cycle alteration. The circular economy is one approach to achieving sustainability, which emphasizes the efficient reuse of resources, materials, and products, leading to less waste, longer material and product lifetimes, and increased value. This concept seeks to shift from the traditional linear model of consumption and disposal to a circular model of sustainable production.