Oxidative stress is a well-known condition underlying several pathological conditions, such as heart failure and neurodegenerative diseases, but also skeletal muscle atrophy that occurs after prolonged periods of muscle disuse, such as bed immobilization and space travel. The commonly used strategy for oxidative stress treatment/prevention is the administration of antioxidant agents. Among the latter, cerium oxide nanoparticles, also called nanoceria, show self-regenerative antioxidant action mimicking that one of the main human antioxidant enzymes, and are excellent candidates for a persistent alleviation of oxidative stress. Nanoceria would ensure overcoming of limitations related to the usage of low molecular weight antioxidant agents, normally requiring repeated administrations.