Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and it is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, with 13.2 million deaths are expected in 2030 for global population. Due to the limits of conventional cancer treatments currently in use, an emerging field of treatments, known as nanotheranostics, has been studied for the past years, demonstrating a great potential thanks to the use of nano sized platforms with the dual capability of therapeutics and diagnostics. Researchers have focused on developing innovative systems in order to improve drug delivery at the specific target sites, kinetic drug release, biodistribution, and multimodal therapy trough the combination of different therapeutic methods such as chemotherapy and phototherapy.