This Master thesis explores the socio-spatial impact of the short-term rental platform Airbnb in a central neighbourhood of Madrid. The rapid rise of Airbnb has expanded the use of residential apartments as transient hotel rooms, by activating an intense debate in Madrid and in other cities about the possible benefits and drawbacks of such new phenomenon. Opinions are diverse, some argue that the platform can be a catalyst for cities economy, while critics see it as a threat to housing affordability and local communities. Although a large number of researches have been conducted in order to better understand the phenomenon from an economic or sociological point of view, regarding the urban and architectural impact, the field of study is still weak and open to new contributions.