Acoustic optimization of urban façades in the preliminary stages of the project

Roberto Manca

Acoustic optimization of urban façades in the preliminary stages of the project.

Rel. Arianna Astolfi, Louena Shtrepi, Cristina Calleri. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Architettura Costruzione Città, 2017

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Abstract:	ABSTRACT Nowadays, acoustics is still problematic when talking about its relation to architecture. In most cases architectural projects consider interior sound quality and reduction of noise pollution as a secondary aspect to solve in the design process of a project. This attention is usually limited to indoor environments using simple geometries and materials variations. Very few studies have investigated the outdoor environments and the issues related to the acoustics when dealing with an urban scale, i.e. a street or square or even a whole city considering buildings design as a possible solution. The noise pollution is a real problem that could be faced from the architects in the very beginning of their projects. This thesis wants to be a step forward in the connection of the acoustic and architectural aspects through a helpful tool for the planner, the designer, the architect to approach acoustics in a project. First, a detailed analysis of the design process and workflow has been performed to understand how and when the acoustic aspects should be introduced. In most cases the preliminary phase of the project results the most suitable. Second, a case study has been selected based on some criteria, i.e. high noise level neighborhood, narrow street that is likely to enhance the "canyon effect’’ and new building on which modifications of the facades are likely to be applicable. A portion of the street has been modelled in a parametric way through Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, and acoustic simulations have been performed through an acoustic software integrated in Rhinoceros, i.e. Pachyderm Acoustic Simulation. Finally, the design of the façade materials has been investigated aiming at the noise sound level reduction on the street and façade levels compared to the real conditions. Results are shown in six projects realized using the procedure explained in this thesis. The first two projects are considering only materials changing on the building. The others are considering materials and geometries changes obtaining interesting results.
Relatori:	Arianna Astolfi, Louena Shtrepi, Cristina Calleri
Tipo di pubblicazione:	A stampa
Soggetti:	A Architettura > AO Progettazione S Scienze e Scienze Applicate > SA Acustica
Corso di laurea:	Corso di laurea magistrale in Architettura Costruzione Città
Classe di laurea:	Nuovo ordinamento > Laurea magistrale > LM-04 - ARCHITETTURA E INGEGNERIA EDILE-ARCHITETTURA
Aziende collaboratrici:	NON SPECIFICATO
URI:	http://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/id/eprint/6193
Capitoli:	1 Introduction 1.1 The gap between architecture and acoustics 1.2 Noise pollution and canyon effect in cities 1.3 Design process 1.4 Thesis organization 1.5 References 2 Foundations and software 2.1 Foundations 2.1.1 Energy transmitted, absorbed, reflected 2.1.2 Absorption coefficient 2.1.3 Scattering coefficient 2.1.4 Reverberation time 2.1.5 Sound pressure level (SPL) 2.1.6 Digital ray tracing 2.1.7 Image source 2.1.8 Geometrical model 2.2 Rhinoceros 2.3 Grasshopper 2.4 Pachyderm Acoustical Simulations 2.5 References 3 Case study and workflow 3.1 Case study - via Saluzzo 29 3.2 The workflow 3.2.1 The algorithm procedure in a project flow 3.2.2 About a global approach in the workflow 3.2.2.1 Framework of necessities 3.2.2.2 Programmatic framework 3.2.2.3 Planning framework 3.2.2.4 Environmental framework 3.2.3 Design step and validation step 3.2.4 Approvation References 4 Mapping, metric survey and RDF software 4.1 Mapping procedure 4.2 About the metric survey 4.3 References 4.4 Appendix A - Mapping Appendix B - RDF software 5 3D model and acoustics survey 5.1 Realization of the 3D model 5.2 Acoustics survey 5.3 References 5.4 Appendix C - Acoustics survey Appendix D - Starting the algorithm 6 3D model calibration 6.1 How the 3D model has been calibrated 6.2 Reverberation time 6.3 Sound pressure level 6.4 Appendix E - Acoustics calibration 7 Final algorithm, results, future proposals 7.1 Final algorithm 7.2 Weighting curve A 7.3 Standard deviation and variance 7.4 Results 7.5 Future proposals 7.6 Appendix F - Algorithm General bibliography Acknowledgments
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