From Intention to Accountability: A Practical Framework for ESG Impact Evaluation in Startups

This thesis explores the critical intersection between early-stage entrepreneurship and sustainability by addressing the lack of accessible tools for impact assessment in startups. While sustainability has become a growing priority across industries, startups often lack the time, resources, and methodological guidance to evaluate their environmental and social contributions effectively. Existing frameworks such as GRI, SROI, and IRIS+ provide valuable foundations but are often misaligned with the operational constraints and agility of startups. To bridge this gap, the research develops a structured, questionnaire-based assessment tool designed to support startups in measuring and managing their ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance. The tool combines universal indicators with sector-specific materiality filters, offering both comparability and relevance. It was tested through an empirical study involving 14 startups selected from the GoBeyond acceleration program, a structured initiative aimed at supporting ventures with strong impact potential. The study presents qualitative and quantitative results. Findings reveal that while formal ESG systems are rare among startups, many demonstrate informal or emerging impact-oriented practices, particularly in areas such as resource efficiency, inclusive employment, and stakeholder engagement. The tool proved effective in surfacing these practices, enabling startups to reflect on their impact maturity and identify improvement areas. Beyond its application in the GoBeyond cohort, the tool is envisioned as a scalable and replicable model for integration into accelerator programs, investor due diligence, and public funding eligibility frameworks. Its potential extends to digitized platforms, real-time dashboards, and stakeholder engagement modules, making it adaptable to a variety of ecosystems and use cases. This thesis contributes to the evolving field of impact measurement by offering a startup-specific methodology that bridges the gap between sustainability ambitions and practical accountability. It demonstrates that with the right tools, even early-stage ventures can measure what matters, align their strategies with global sustainability goals, and position themselves as actors in the transition toward a more responsible and resilient economy.