Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and represents the most common form of dementia, characterized by a progressive deterioration of memory and cognitive functions. It mainly affects the elderly population (late onset) but can also occur at a younger age (early onset), especially in the presence of genetic mutations. According to the amyloid hypothesis, a central role is played by the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by β- and γ-secretase through the amyloidogenic pathway, generating the Amyloid Beta (Aβ) protein, in particular Aβ42, a form more prone to aggregation and neurotoxic. Familial APP mutations, such as the Swedish (KM670/671NL), Iowa (D694N) and Iberian (I716F) mutations, alter APP processing, favoring the pathological accumulation of Aβ.