The development of physiologically relevant in vitro models is essential for investigating tissue-specific functions and disease mechanisms while reducing reliance on animal testing. These models serve as fundamental tools in modern biomedical research, offering reproducibility, ethical compliance, and the potential for high-throughput screening, thanks to their ability to replicate the topographical, biomechanical and biochemical behavior of the physiological tissue. In this thesis, work focuses on the development of two biomimetic in vitro models to reproduce the bronchial epithelial and alveolar-capillary barriers using tissue engineering approaches. A Poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin (PCL-Gel) electrospun membrane was fabricated to more closely mimic the basement membrane of lung barriers.