This thesis explores how we can better understand and assess earthquake risks in some of Italy’s most seismically active regions. The focus is on evaluating how vulnerable buildings are to earthquakes by developing empirical fragility curves for typical residential structures focusing on reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. These curves are based on extensive post-earthquake damage data collected from events between 1976 and 2012, sourced from the Da.D.O. platform, which offers detailed records on building locations, construction types, and the extent of observed damage. To ensure consistency and quality, the research uses the Rosti framework to refine the fragility curves, for reviewing and validating the input data.