Slope stability analyses of a block-in-matrix formation: Las Medulas mining site

Las Médulas, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Spain, is an ancient Roman gold mining complex characterized by unique geological formations. This study evaluates the stability of its cave structures using RS2 numerical modeling to assess potential failure mechanisms, deformation patterns, and erosion susceptibility. The analysis considers different slope angles, volumetric block proportions (VBP), and excavation heights, simulating real-world conditions through finite element modeling. Key stability indicators such as Strength Reduction Factor (SRF), total displacement, and yielded elements were examined to determine failure zones and assess long-term structural integrity. Results indicate that the cave stability is significantly influenced by the VBP distribution and slope geometry, with higher VBPs contributing to greater overall stability. Additionally, displacement patterns reveal critical areas susceptible to progressive failure and erosion. The findings provide valuable insights into the geotechnical behavior of Las Médulas, aiding in preservation efforts and future excavation safety assessments. This research highlights the importance of numerical modeling in heritage site conservation, demonstrating how RS2 analysis can contribute to slope stability assessment, risk mitigation, and sustainable site management.