Throughout history, humanity has recurrently faced epidemics of infectious diseases, which have spread both within and between populations. From ancient pandemics like the Antonine Plague to the contemporary COVID-19 pandemic, understanding and controlling the spread of diseases has always been crucial. Mathematical modeling of epidemics plays a key role in this understanding. Over the years, epidemic modeling has evolved, incorporating interdisciplinary elements, particularly from network science. Health interventions, including non-pharmaceutical measures and pharmaceutical solutions like vaccines, have historically been crucial in mitigating disease spread. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, measures such as social distancing, lockdowns, mask usage, hygiene, and vaccinations were key in controlling the virus spread.