Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) refer to diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, and they pose a significant health challenge with substantial morbidity and mortality on a global scale. It is important to note that CVDs are the leading cause of death worldwide. At the same time, the process of discovering and developing drugs is a challenging one, and current methods for evaluating drug safety and efficacy are both costly and inefficient: only 13.8% of drugs make it into phase I trials. One of the fundamental factors contributing to this challenge is the limited predictive accuracy of commonly employed preclinical research models: in vivo animal models.