Energy Management System for Hybrid Photovoltaic Installations with Electrochemical Batteries and Genset = Energy Management System for Hybrid Photovoltaic Installations with Electrochemical Batteries and Genset

The need to urgently reduce reliance on fossil fuels, increase renewable energy production, and consequently decrease energy dependency has become imperative in the face of pressing environmental challenges and the quest for long-term energy security. The current energy landscape demands a profound shift towards sustainable solutions that can mitigate the adverse impacts of fossil fuel consumption while ensuring a reliable and sustainable energy future. Furthermore, reducing energy dependence holds significant geopolitical significance, as it reduces vulnerability to international energy dynamics and strengthens national autonomy. To achieve these vital objectives, a fundamental reassessment of the current functioning of the electrical system is essential. The existing system, designed primarily for centralized power generation and distribution, is not adequately prepared or equipped to effectively manage a large-scale integration of renewable energy sources. This centralized and hierarchical structure poses considerable challenges in integrating and effectively managing the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. These challenges are further amplified in regions across Africa, South America, and Asia, where the power grid is susceptible to frequent blackouts and voltage and frequency fluctuations. In these regions, the instability of the national grid exacerbates the difficulties associated with integrating renewable energy sources and highlights the urgent need for alternative solutions. In this context, distributed generation systems represent a prominent solution. These systems, better known as microgrids, offer a decentralized energy generation and distribution approach, enabling greater flexibility and resilience. By embracing localized energy networks, such as photovoltaic systems, battery storage, and wind turbines, countries can overcome the limitations of the traditional grid infrastructure but also promote a more efficient energy utilization coupled with increased penetration of renewables. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the multitude of challenges associated with this approach, both technical and economic. From a technical point of view, system control and management cannot be overlooked, nor can the necessity of grid synchronization. Additionally, establishing economic viability and regulatory frameworks will become imperative to incentivize this approach’s widespread adoption and deployment.